由於都市土地有限又取得不易，所以新近都市建築物均為高層化的複合式用途，一般低層部多數以商業用途的商場居多，其中商場具有人員短期集中、流動性高、收容人員密度高之特性，如果建築設計不當，一旦發生火災時易導致災害擴大，人員逃生易造成出入口堵塞，產生滯留導致人員無法順利避難的現象，嚴重者會影響人員避難的安全性。
如何讓低層部的商場人員遇到災害時，能在最短時間成功進行安全避難，必須透過商場空間規劃及有效的安全避難計畫，讓避難人員在最大容許避難時間內立即避難至安全處，本研究以國內四個中大型商場為研究對象 (以四個樓層為一單元)，從建築設計中避難設施的設置，佐以消防安全設備以案例分析、現行法規分析及避難性能驗證分析，進行安全性能的探究。
本研究過程中從商場建築就防火區劃、出入口的分布與寬度、避難路徑的距離，商場用途的熱釋放率、煙層下降時間等影響人員避難的因素，依照內政部建築研究所出版之「建築物防火避難安全性能驗證技術手冊」進行分析研究並進行安全性能驗證。
本研究從性能設計驗證分析中整理出中大型商場出入口位置及寬度對人員有效安全避難的研究分析，並建議複合用途建築物與其他用途建築物獨立分流的有效安全避難的動線模式，以提供防火設計者設計的參考，使有效提高建築物內部人員的安全性。
Recently, the new urban buildings all belong to high-rise composite uses in urban due to the limited land and not easy to obtain in the city. Generally, most of the low-rise buildings are commercial shopping malls which have the characteristics of short-term population concentration, high mobility and high density of occupants. Once the building is not designed properly, it may lead to the expansion of the disaster in the event of a fire, which may cause blockage of the entrances and exits as well as resulting in the phenomenon of stranded people not being able to escape smoothly. In severe cases, the safety of evacuation will be affected.
When personnel encounter a disaster, how to help them successfully evacuate to a safe place from the low-rise mall in the shortest time. A planning of the mall space and effective safety evacuation plan must be adopted to allow evacuees to immediately evacuate to a safe place within the maximum allowable evacuation time. This research takes four domestic medium-sized shopping malls as the research object (with four floors as a unit) and investigates the safety performance from the setting of refuge facilities in the architectural design, supplemented by case analysis of fire safety equipment, analysis of current laws and regulations and verification of refuge performance.
In this study, the factors affecting evacuation including fire protection zones, the distribution and width of entrances and exits, the distance of refuge paths, the heat release rate of shopping malls and time of smoke fall from the buildings. We analyzed and verified the safety performance of the shopping malls in accordance with the “Technical Manual for Verification of Safety Performance of Physical Fire and Evacuation” published by the Architectural Research Institute of the Ministry of the Interior.
Our study has sorted out the analysis of the effective and safe evacuation of personnel by the entrances and exits position and width of medium-sized shopping malls from the performance design verification analysis. We also suggested movement models of independent diversion and effective safety evacuation for other uses in composite buildings. The research results can provide references for fire protection designers and effectively improve the safety of personnel inside buildings.
