| 摘要: | 都市是一個複雜具動態的系統，也是影響國家經濟、社會文化與自然環境變化的主要因素，在發展過程中應需考量各個層面的課題，不能任由都市自然發展，而此也提供了政府干預都市發展的理由。都市更新是 1980 年代以後政府介入都市發展過程的主要政策手段之一，通常被用來應對不斷變化的都市環境所導致的都市衰敗問題，為達到各種經濟、環境和社會文化目標，其應更與永續發展結合。但儘管如此，由於都市更新過程涉及各種複雜規劃問題和不同的利益相關者，實現都市更新與永續發展間的聯繫並非容易，然而一直以來以財產權為主導實施的都市更新加劇社會空間不平衡，同時產生了一個不利於實施永續都市更新的管理障礙。為實現兼顧經濟、環境和社會平等關係的永續都市更新（Sustainable Urban Renewal）理念，因此本研究提出一個都市更新永續性績效的評估模式。
本研究在回顧國內外相關文獻後，依據永續發展理論構建一個具有 3 個維度及涵蓋 14 個指標的永續性績效評估架構，結合三種多屬性決策方法建立評估模式。在完成專家問卷後，首先結合模糊專家決策室實驗室法（FDEMATEL）用以釐清維度與指標的相互影響關係及屬性定位，即因果關係；接著將獲取的影響關係利用基於模糊決策室實驗室法的分析網絡法（FDANP）求取維度與指標的的真實權重，並識別都市更新永續性評估的關鍵核心；最後基於修正後的折衷排序法（VIKOR）對測試對象進行績效評估。在識別現況與理想值的渴望差距後，判讀維度/指標影響關係與屬性定位，進而得出測試對象提昇永續性的未來改進方向、項目與排序。
儘管一些研究指出過去我國的都市更新實踐過份強調經濟維度，忽視環境和社會與文化層面，然而本研究結果仍然支持結合經濟為發展導向的永續都市更新模式。而評估測試對象為新北市新店區行政生活園區之公辦都更案，經評估其開發後永續性績效，發現指標績效值與理想值差距較大（即績效有待提升者）的前 5 項指標中，有 4 項指標屬於社會與文化維度的指標，顯示本案在開發後其社會與文化永續性的現況仍有很大進步空間，隱含開發前期規劃對提升社會與文化永續性的項目尚有思慮不周的問題，建議主辦的政府部門於前期規劃階段，就應將促進社會與文化永續性的項目納入考量，以增加公辦都更案的公益性，符合永續都市更新的政策目標。
City is a complex and also dynamic system, and also the main factor to influence the changes of the national economy, social culture and natural environment. During its developing process, all levels and issues should be covered. The city cannot be allowed to develop naturally. Therefore, it provides a reason for the government to intervene in the development process. Urban renewal is one of the main policy strategies for the government to intervene in urban development after the 1980s. Usually, it is used to deal with the problems of urban decay caused by the changing urban environment. In order to achieve various economic, environmental and social and cultural goals, it should be combined with sustainable development. However, since the urban renewal process involves various complex planning issues and different stakeholders, it is not easy to realize the link between urban renewal and sustainable development, and urban renewal, which has been implemented with property rights as the leading role, has exacerbated the imbalance of social space. At the same time, there is a management barrier that is not conducive to the implementation of sustainable urban renewal. In order to realize the concept of sustainable urban renewal (Sustainable Urban Renewal) that takes into account the equal relationship between environment, economy and society, this study proposes an evaluation method for the sustainable performance of urban renewal.
After reviewing relevant literatures, this research constructs a sustainable performance evaluation framework with three dimensions and 14 indicators, and establishes an evaluation model combining three multi-attribute decision-making methods. After completing the expert questionnaire, FDEMATE method was first used to clarify the mutual influence relationship and attribute positioning of dimensions and indicators, that is, the cause-and-effect relationship; then the obtained influence relationship was used based on the fuzzy decision room laboratory. The FDANP method obtains the real weight of dimensions and indicators and identifies the key core of urban renewal sustainability evaluation. Finally, based on the revised VIKOR method, the performance evaluation of actual cases is carried out. After identifying the gap between the current situation 3 and the ideal value, and comparing the dimension/indicator influence relationship and attribute positioning displayed by FDEMATEL and its INRM, then obtaining the future improvement direction, projects and ranking of the empirical cases.
Although some studies have pointed out that past urban renewal practices in Taiwan overemphasized the economic dimension and neglected the environmental and sociocultural aspects. However, the findings still support a sustainable urban renewal model that combines economic and environmental oriented development. The study used the case of the renovation of the Administration Park in Xindian District, New Taipei City. After evaluating its post-development sustainability performance, among the top 5 indicators from those index performance value is far from the ideal value (It means the performance needs to be improved), 4 indicators belong to the social and cultural dimensions. It shows that there is still improvement can be done in the current situation of social and cultural sustainability in this case after development. There are still deficiencies in the project. It is suggested that the leading government departments should take into consideration projects that promote social and cultural sustainability in the early planning stage, so as to increase the public welfare of public urban renewal projects and meet the policy goals of sustainable urban renewal. |
