| 摘要: | 隨著科技的進步，交易便利性不斷地改善，容易透過網路提高個人閒置物品的流通。在2008年金融海嘯後，全球經濟逐漸衰退及產能過剩的時空背景下，人們的消費觀及型態改變，習慣漸漸以「使用權」取代「所有權」，加上網路與智慧型手機的普及，更使得交易的便利性大增，進而促成「共享經濟」的興起。共享經濟具有減少浪費、增加提供者收入等優點；惟事物皆為一體兩面，平台業者突破了傳統商業模式，衝擊各行各業的主管機關，相關的管制方式與法律爭議逐漸產生。
其中交通領域之共享經濟為社會發展中的重要需求，當代由於資訊科技進步與節能減碳風潮等因素，交通共享概念因而崛起，Uber的成功營運模式拓展至全球，為因應Uber對於既有產業的影響，各國政府應採取何種管制模式，而我國的管制方式是否合理，本文擬以法律經濟分析的觀點探討此一議題。
本文先介紹共享經濟之概念、特徵及各國發展趨勢，並探討Uber的營運模式以及目前在台灣發展現況，其次，從我國交通運輸業管理之法制觀點，探討Uber在實務上所產生之問題及法律爭議，並由法律經濟分析之觀點，探討共享經濟概念，從大眾運輸系統覆蓋率之角度作為管制成本經濟效益評估之重點，並藉由探討大眾運輸系統完善程度，瞭解Uber開放程度是否與其具備一定程度之關聯性，經由實際計算台北市、舊金山與柏林公車停靠站服務範圍及所佔城市土地面積百分比率，對照加州與德國當前之法規範，得出大眾運輸系統覆蓋率與法規範目的之達成，其間具有一定關聯性，最後，針對我國目前交通運輸享經濟的管制方式提出建議與未來發展空間之期許。
With the advancement of technology, the convenience of transactions continues to improve, and it is easy to increase the circulation of excess stuff through the Internet. The convenience of transactions has improved the technology. After the 2008 financial tsunami, the gradual recession of the global economy and overcapacity have changed consumers perspective, and gradually replaced the the concept of "ownership" with "rights of use". In addition, the popularity of the Internet and smartphones accelerated the concept of sharing economy. The sharing economy has the advantages of reducing waste and increasing provider income. However, everything has the both sides of things. The platform of the sharing economy has made the impact on traditional businesses and government authorities, but related regulatory methods and legal disputes also have gradually arisen.
The sharing economy in transportation is an important issue for society. Nowadays, due to the progress of technology and the trend of energy saving and carbon reduction, the concept of transportation sharing has risen. Uber's successful operation model has expanded to the world. This article intends to discuss it from the perspective of legal and economic analysis.
This article first introduces the concept, characteristics and development trends of the sharing economy in various countries, and discusses the current development of Uber in Taiwan, and then explains the legal system of Taiwan in the administration and ministry of transportation communication about the problems and legal disputes regarding Uber. By discussing the concept of sharing economy under the perspective of legal and economic analysis, and evaluating the management cost by the coverage of the mass transit system, this article explore whether the completeness of the mass transit system is related to the degree of openness of Uber. Through actual calculating data regarding service coverage of the bus stops and the percentage of urban land area occupied in Taipei City, San Francisco and Berlin, and comparing with the current laws and regulations under California and Germany, it can be concluded that the coverage rate of the public transportation system has a certain correlation with the achievement of legal regulations. Finally, the article provide some suggestions and anticipation for the mangemant method of transportation sharing economy. |
