司馬遷心中理想的封禪是崇高而神聖的，是王道與德治的象徵，是體現以德配天的天人關係。然而漢武帝行封禪卻是執迷於方士長生不死的求仙之術，故〈封禪書〉藉秦始皇暗喻相比，多譏諷微言之語，以明漢武帝之失德。本文從古代封禪與受命改制的關係入手，透過古代封禪的象徵意義與思想背景，說明漢武帝封禪的目的與實際狀況，已脫離封禪原有的王道政治與德治意義，並以此闡述司馬遷心中理想的封禪與封禪中的天人關係。
The ideal Feng-Chan in Sima Qian's mind was noble and sacred, it was a symbol of kingly way and rule of virtue, and a way to embody the relationship between god and man through virtue. The Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty practice Feng-Chan but was obsessed with pursuing immortality. Thus the Feng-Chan-Shu used the satiric metaphor of the emperor Qin Shihuang to illustrate the unvirtue of the emperor Wu of Han. This article starts with the relationship between the ancient Feng-Chan and its restructuring. By stating the symbolic meaning and ideological background of the ancient Feng-Chan, this article showed how the purpose and actual situation of the Han Emperor Wu's Feng-Chan was completely opposite from the original kingly politics and the significance of the rule of virtue. Also, this article explains the ideal Feng-Chan in Sims Qian'heart and the relationship between god and man in the central idea of the Feng-Chan.
