| 摘要: | 現今我國刑事訴訟法中有關傳聞證據排除法則（以下簡稱傳聞法則）之規定，操作上與英美法制之傳聞法則實有落差，就傳聞例外之規定中，大量的使被告以外之人審判外在法官及檢察官或檢察事務官、司法警察官及司法警察面前所為之陳述得以作為判決有罪的證據，是否對於憲法保障被告之對質詰問權之宗旨有所違悖，導致我國審判實務運作上在處理傳聞法則之例外情形，產生理論與實務運作之矛盾。為了確實保障刑事被告之訴訟中權利，減少對傳聞法則引進的不完全以及實務上因引進不全所發生個案上適用之疑義進而侵害被告於訴訟中權利，本文參酌國際刑事法院之相關規定以及其對於個案上運作之先例後進而改善，並針對我國現行刑事訴訟審判之運行，加以探討我國刑事訴訟法對於傳聞證據之定義、適用範圍及目前各條例外規定之解釋及運作，期能促進傳聞法則於我國運作上更加完善。本文結構如下：
首先說明本文研究動機及目的，再將研究範圍敘明，進而確立本文研究方法、論文架構及方向。接著就被告於刑事訴訟中具有何種權利，並對傳聞法則作整體概念之介紹，分成引進之緣起及立法理由兩個面向，引進之緣起部分以英美法為主，針對目前發展之主要傳聞法則之內容及其應用範圍、內容等作介紹；後者則介紹立法上的態度及理由，於此部分將一同介紹傳聞法則之背景、內容。再論述我國傳聞法則對應到的被告權利保障，從大法官釋字第582號解釋出發，就被告此權利對於傳聞法則之影響討論之，最後再以我國目前對於傳聞法則實務上的操作情形作介紹。
針對國際刑事法院證據制度的特色之處以及其體現在證據的收集、展示與採納等相關方面介紹。再對國際刑事法院上已建立之證據採及程序及被告程序權利，分別介紹其制度發展歷程。闡述我國就發展傳聞法則制度方面之難處；進而針對92年2月6日通過新增之刑事訴訟法第159條之2之優缺，及有爭議之部分做評析。再依據第貳章我國對於傳聞法則中對於被告權利的影響做的說明，並對於我國刑事訴訟法第159條之2的立法理由、規範內涵以及實務運作等作詳細的介紹與說明。
接著對於國際刑事法院的案件來源以及調查程序啟動做為開端，介紹國際刑事法院主要的案件來源後，進而介紹國際刑事法院的審判制度以及在國際刑事法院審判中傳聞證據對於被告權利的影響，再依據國際刑事法院的證據採及與被告程序權利的介紹，綜整其發展之歷程後，探究國際刑事法院的程序及證據規則下之訴訟程序及對被告權利保護制度。
最後主要綜合整理各章之重點，將疑義與研究發現整理後對其提出修法及實務運作上之建議，將本論文收尾完結全文。
The hearsay rule of my country’s Criminal Procedure Law nowadays has a gap in operation with the hearsay rule of the Anglo-American legal system. With regard to the hearsay exception regulations, a large number of people other than the defendant are asked to try external judges and prosecutors or prosecutors, judicial police The statement made before the official and judicial police can be used as evidence for the verdict of guilt. Does it violate the constitutional purpose of guaranteeing the defendant’s right to cross-examine? This has led to the handling of exceptions to the hearsay rule in the practice of trials in our country, resulting in theoretical and practical operations The contradiction. In order to guarantee the rights of criminal defendants in litigation, reduce the incomplete introduction of the law of hearsay and practical doubts about the application of cases due to the incomplete introduction, which infringes the defendant's rights in litigation, the author refers to the relevant provisions of the International Criminal Court and its countermeasures. The precedents in the operation of individual cases are then improved, and the operation of the current criminal litigation trials in my country is to explore the definition and scope of application of hearsay evidence in my country's criminal procedure law, as well as the interpretation and operation of current regulations outside the regulations, hoping to promote the law of hearsay. The operation of our country is more perfect. The structure of this article is as follows:
First, explain the motivation and purpose of the research of this article, and then state the scope of research, and then establish the research method, structure and direction of this article. Next, on what rights the defendant has in criminal proceedings, the overall concept of the law of hearsay is introduced, divided into two aspects: the introduction of origin and the legislative reason. The origin and introduction are mainly based on common law, aiming at the content of the main rumor law that is currently developing And the scope of application, content, etc.; the latter introduces the attitude and reasons in the legislation, in this section will introduce the background and content of the rumor rule. Then discuss the protection of the defendant's rights corresponding to the law of hearsay in our country. Starting from the interpretation of the Chief Justice's No. 582, discuss the impact of this right of the defendant on the law of hearsay, and finally introduce the current practical operation of the law of hearsay in my country.
Introduce the characteristics of the evidence system of the International Criminal Court and its embodied in the collection, display and acceptance of evidence and other related aspects. Then, the established evidence collection and procedures and the defendant's procedural rights in the International Criminal Court will respectively introduce the development process of their systems. Explains my country’s difficulties in developing the rumor rule system; and then makes comments on the advantages and disadvantages of Article 159-1 to Article 159-5 of the newly-added Criminal Procedure Law passed on February 6, 1992, as well as the controversial parts. Based on the explanation of my country's influence on the rights of the defendant in the law of hearsay in Chapter 2, then the legislative reasons, normative connotation and practical operation of Article 159-2 of the Criminal Procedure Law of our country will be introduced and explained in detail.
As a starting point for the source of the ICC’s cases and the initiation of the investigation procedure, after introducing the main sources of the ICC’s cases, I will then introduce the ICC’s trial system and the impact of hearsay evidence on the rights of the defendant in ICC trials. The third chapter introduces the evidence collection of the International Criminal Court and the defendant's procedural rights. After summarizing its development process, it explores the procedural and evidence rules of the International Criminal Court and the system of protection of the defendant's rights.
In the end, the main points of each chapter are comprehensively sorted, and the doubts and research findings are sorted out, and suggestions for amendments and practical operations are put forward. This paper concludes the full text. |
