| 摘要: | 隨著臺灣高齡社會的到來，國家發展委員會2019年指出高齡長者入住長照機構的人數亦持續增加。面對現今社會環境的改變，加上高齡人口數目增加、少子化子女數持續減少、長輩入住照顧機構的主觀意願提高及家人關係的疏離化等原因，高齡長者的居住安排及長照機構照顧之需求已大幅增加，自然是當前重要課題。
本研究透過探討長照機構採用意願及行為意圖之影響因素，來提供消費者及長照機構之促進參考。親近理論是衛生保健政策中的一個主要問題，也是衛生保健系統和長期護理機構討論中最常用的理論之一。在衛生政策和衛生服務研究中，親近理論是一個重要的概念，作為一種理論提出，總結了一組更具體的維度，描述了患者與長期照護機構之間的契合度。具體的維度是可利用性，可接近性，可適應性，可負擔性和可接受性。以使用長照機構人員及家屬之消費者為研究對象，北區長照機構BVH為研究範圍，問卷調查蒐集資料，探討可利用性、可接近性、可適應性、可負擔性及可接受性對採用意願及行為意圖之影響。
透過前述目的，本研究歸納出五項問題：
一、長照機構之可利用性(availability)，與消費者之採用意願及行為意圖為何種關係？
二、長照機構之可接近性(accessibility)，與消費者之採用意願及行為意圖為何種關係？
三、長照機構之可適應性(accommodation)，與消費者之採用意願及行為意圖為何種關係？
四、長照機構之可負擔性(affordability)，與消費者之採用意願及行為意圖為何種關係？
五、長照機構之可接受性(acceptability)，與消費者之採用意願及行為意圖為何種關係？
回收分析310份有效問卷，研究結果顯示可利用性、可適應性、可負擔性及可接受性對消費者採用意願及行為意圖具有正向顯著影響，若長照機構採取增強可利用性、可接近性、可適應性、可負擔性及可接受性之策略，將能夠提高消費者採用意願及行為意圖。
本研究透過消費者觀點，確立長照機構採用意願與行為意圖影響因素之正向關聯，為增加消費者福祉及長照機構創造競爭優勢為研究動機，在未來進行長照機構設置時，可將影響因子納入綜合性考量。此研究結果可以幫助消費者瞭解哪些因素會影響採用意願及行為意圖，並提供選擇長照機構之參考，減少照護壓力及負擔；另可提供長照機構瞭解及將資源專注於改善及加強這些影響因素，有助於增進消費者的採用意願及行為意圖。
As the Taiwan population continues to age, the number of older adults living in long-term care institution continues to increase according to the National Development Council. The changing societal environmental, increasing older population, decreasing birth rate, as well as older adults’ increasing awareness toward living in care institution and alienation from family members have all contributed to the considerably rising demand for older adults’ housing arrangement and care in long-term care institution. This rise in demand has become a critical topic for research.
This study discussed factors affecting people’s adoption intention and behavior intention for long-term care institution to provide a reference for long-term care institution to enhance consumers’ intention in choosing their services . Access is a major concern in health care policy and is one of the most frequently used theory in discussions of the health care system and long-term care institution. Access is an important concept in health policy and health services research. Access is presented as a theory that summarizes a set of more specific dimensions describing the fit between the patient and the long-term care institution. The specific dimensions are availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability and acceptability. The participants comprised patients in long-term care institution and the family members of the consumers; the study was conducted in a long-term care institution in northern Taiwan, BVH . Data were collected through a questionnaire survey to determine the effects of availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability, and acceptability on consumers’ adoption intention and behavior intention.
According to the foregoing objectives, this study summarized 5 issues:
1. What is the relationship between the availability of long-term care institutions and consumers’ adoption intention and behavior intention?
2. What is the relationship between the accessibility of long-term care institutions and consumers’ adoption intention and behavior intention?
3. What is the relationship between the accommodation of long-term care institutions and consumers’ adoption intention and behavior intention?
4. What is the relationship between the affordability of long-term care institutions and consumers’ adoption intention and behavior intention?
5. What is the relationship between the acceptability of long-term care institutions and consumers’ adoption intention and behavior intention?
A total of 310 valid responses were returned. According to the results, availability, accommodation, affordability, and acceptability collectively positively and significantly affected the adoption intention and behavior intention of consumers. Therefore, by adopting strategies that enhance availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability, and acceptability, long-term institution can enhance the adoption intention and behavior intention of consumers.
This study consolidated the positive relationships of consumers’ adoption intention and behavior intention for long-term care institution with relevant factors. Aiming to boost consumer well-being and strengthen long-term care facilities’ competitive advantage, this study recommends that long-term care institution be constructed with comprehensive consideration to relevant factors.
The study results inform consumers of the factors that affect their adoption intention and behavior intention; provide an insightful reference for long-term care institution to mitigate the pressure and burden on care; and enhance these facilities’ understanding of and resource investment into improving the aforementioned relevant factors, thereby enhancing consumers’ adoption intention and behavior intention of choosing their services. |
