植物特性對都市公園植物分布之影響

CCUR > College of Environmental Planning & Bioresources > College of Environmental Design > Department of Landscape Architecture & Graduate Institute of Landscape Architecture > thesis > Item 987654321/50858

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://irlib.pccu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/50858

Title:	植物特性對都市公園植物分布之影響 The Effects of Plant Characteristics on Plant Distribution in Urban Parks
Authors:	李浥瑄
Contributors:	景觀學系
Keywords:	植物特性植物分布植物多樣性植物科別都市公園生態植物組成 plant characteristics plant distribution plant diversity plant famil urban parks ecosystem plant composition
Date:	2021
Issue Date:	2023-02-14
Abstract:	都市化擴張下，自然棲息地不斷減少，都市公園綠地做為城市生態網絡的重要性也被提出，而植物做為公園中的重要元素，植物組成對都市公園生態的穩定至關重要。對都市公園植物分布的影響因素探討，常針對外部因子如:人類偏好、周邊環境、生物偏好、棲地形態，但這些外部因子也與植物本身的特性息息相關。而在植物分類學上將植物依據共同的植物特性分類，從形態特徵、生態特性到地理分布。透過文獻回顧可以發現許多研究顯示植物特性影響植物分布，植物有不同的特性能夠適應、生存於不同的環境，如:當光資源不足時，植物將多數資源投資於長高以爭搶陽光，相反的，當土壤裡養分不足時，植物則傾其資源長根，獲取土壤中的養分。植物特性之間也會相互影響，如:種子數量多的物種，通常種子質量輕，即使發芽率低，但以量多取得優勢，相反的，種子數量少的物種，多為質量重，提供後代更多養份，吸引動物攝取，傳播的更遠。本論文從植物本身特性看其在不同都市公園中的分布趨勢，並透過植物特性之間的關係，找出在不同都市公園中的植物類形。而在都市公園中植物有的是人為種植，有的是自發生長，人工種植種透過植物特性反應設計師挑選植物的考量，自發性植物則反映出植物合適的棲地，因此本論文會分人工種植種與自發性植物作探討。本研究透過台灣低海拔植物知識庫、台灣維管束植物簡誌蒐集200科別特性資料，及台灣植物誌蒐集1917種植物之特性，分別以科別與特性兩種進行分析，並整理在前人研究中指出對分布有影響之重要植物特性，將植物特性分為形態、果實與種子、棲地類形、其他探討，並套疊於先前研究台北市78處都市公園全區維管束植物調查以非度量多維度分析找出植物在不同都市公園分布之趨勢與公園分類之資料，非度量多維度分析是一種梯度分析，能將植物與樣區歸納於少數軸上，其中植物組成相似的樣區分佈越接近，藉此分析不同特性的植物在都市公園中分布的情形。本研究結果顯示，以科與特性進行分析具有部分共同點，在植株的形態與棲地類形上尤其明顯；而以特性分析的優勢是能看到更詳細的特徵，還有透過特徵之間的關聯性進行推論；以科分析則具有快速抓出植物間共同特徵，且能看到更多人工植物特性的優勢。都市公園中物種數多的科別分為兩大類，一、陽性低矮草本如:菊科、禾本科；二、山區常見種喬木、灌叢如:大戟科、茜草科、桑科。植物特性與植物在公園分布的位置相關，一、垂直結構簡單之公園，自發性植物物種多，主要科別有莧科、菊科、十字花科、莎草科、母草科、海桐花科、車前科、馬齒莧科、馬鞭草科，自發性植物主要特性為植株矮小能橫向蔓延並快速傳宗接代，葉保水性較差喜歡陽光充足和潮濕棲地，具有冠毛能透過風或動物傳播到遠方；二、垂直結構偏複雜，較多複雜人工設施之公園，以自發栽種皆可能之物種為主，主要科別有天南星科、棕櫚科、胡桐科、唇形花科、桑科，自發性植物主要特性為植株大且能無性繁殖之物種，葉保水度中等較能耐蔭，多為對垂直結構複雜棲地類形專一之物種，人工種植植物主要特性為葉子具觀賞價值，多為常用的複層植物、醒目的大肉果物種。三、垂直結構複雜的公園，主要科別有石蒜科、五福花科、阿福花科、鱗毛蕨、野牡丹科、楝科、五列木科、水龍骨科、鳳尾蕨科、薑科、旅人蕉科、冬青科、碗蕨科，自發性植物主要特性為大至中形且多藤本植物，葉保水能力佳，果實大且色彩鮮豔的肉果能吸引動物替其傳播，對垂直結構複雜及靠山棲地專一之物種；四、公園面積大的公園，植物主要科別有蓼科、睡蓮科、蓮科、柳葉菜科、山茶科、柿樹科、松科、芭蕉科、金絲桃科、胡頹子科、黃楊科，自發性植物主要特性為對水專一性高之物種，人工種植植物特性為大形喬木，且具鮮明特色可作為展示；五、無特色的公園的植物科別有:秋海棠科、大麻科、石竹科、鴨跖草科、旋花科、千屈菜科、桃金孃科、木犀科、羅漢松科，植物在都市公園出現頻率高或沒有分布上的特性。經由本研究之探討，發現不同植物的特性對其在公園分布確實有影響。 Under the expansion of urbanization, natural habitats are constantly decreasing, and the importance of urban park green space as an urban ecological network has also been raised. Plants are an important element in parks, and plant composition is vital to the ecological stability of urban parks. Discussions on the factors affecting the distribution of plants in urban parks often focus on external factors such as human preference, surrounding environment, biological preference, and habitat morphology, but these external factors are also closely related to the characteristics of plants themselves. In plant taxonomy, plants are classified according to common plant characteristics, from morphological characteristics, ecological characteristics to geographical distribution. Through literature review, it can be found that many studies have shown that plant characteristics affect plant distribution. Plants have different characteristics that can adapt and survive in different environments. For example, when light resources are insufficient, plants invest most of their resources in growing taller to compete for sunlight, on the contrary, when the nutrients in the soil are insufficient, the plant will use its resources to grow roots and obtain the nutrients in the soil. Plant characteristics will also affect each other. For example, species with a large number of seeds usually have low seed quality. Even if the germination rate is low, the advantage is obtained with more quantity. On the contrary, species with a small number of seeds are mostly of heavier quality and provide offspring. More nutrients attract animals and spread farther. This paper looks at the distribution trend of plants in different urban parks from the characteristics of plants themselves, and finds out the types of plants in different urban parks through the relationship between plant characteristics. In urban parks, some plants are artificially planted, and some are spontaneous growth. Artificial planted species reflect the designer’s consideration of plant selection through plant characteristics, and spontaneous plants reflect the appropriate habitat of the plant. Therefore, this paper will be divided into artificial planted species and Spontaneous plants are discussed. In this study, we collected data on 200 family characteristics through the Taiwan Low-Elevation Plant Knowledge Base, Taiwan's Brief History of Vascular Plants, and use Flora of Taiwan,2nd edition collected 1917 characteristics of plants. The analysis was carried out on the basis of family and characteristics, and sorted out by the predecessors. The research pointed out the important plant characteristics that have an impact on the distribution. The plant characteristics are divided into morphology, fruit and seed, habitat type, and other discussions, and overlapped with the previous study of the vascular plant survey of 78 urban parks in Taipei City. Non-metric multi-dimensional analysis finds out the trend of plant distribution in different urban parks and the information of park classification. Non-metric multi-dimensional analysis is a gradient analysis that can summarize plants and plots on a few axes, where the plant composition is similar to plots. The distribution of plots with similar plant composition is closer.To analyze the distribution of plants with different characteristics in urban parks. The results of this study show that analysis based on family and characteristics has some common points, especially in plant morphology and habitat types. The advantage of characteristics analysis is that more detailed characteristics can be seen, and inferring through the correlation between characteristics; family analysis has the advantage of quickly grasping the common characteristics of plants and seeing more characteristics of artificial plants. The families with a large number of species in urban parks can be divided into two categories. One is the heliophyte low herbaceous species such as Asteraceae and Poaceae; the other is common trees and shrubs in mountainous areas such as Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, and Moraceae. Plant characteristics are related to the location of plants in the park. 1. Park with a simple vertical structure has many spontaneous plant species. The main families are Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, Linderniaceae, Onagraceae The main characteristics of spontaneous plants are clonal and quickly pass on from generation to generation. The leaves have poor water retention. They like sunny and humid habitats. They have pappus that can through Wind or animals spread to distant places; 2. Parks with complex vertical structures and more complex artificial facilities are dominated by both spontaneous and Artificial plante. The main families are Araceae, Arecaceae, Calophyllaceae, Lamiaceae, Moraceae, the main characteristics of spontaneous plants are large and clonal plants. The plant’s leaves have medium water retention and are more shade-tolerant. Most of them are specific to the vertical structure and complex habitat types. The main characteristics of artificially planted plants are that leaves has ornamental value, also commonly used multiple layered plants, and has fleshy fruit. 3. Parks with complex vertical structure. The main families include Amaryllidaceae, Adoxaceae, Asphodelaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Melastomaceae, Meliaceae, Pentaphyllaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae, Zingiberaceae, Strelitziaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae. The main characteristics of spontaneous plants are large to medium-shaped and vines. The leaves have good water retention capacity. The large and brightly colored fleshy fruits can attract animals to spread for them. Species specific to complex structure habitat; 4. Parks with a large area, the main plant families are Polygonaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Onagraceae, Theaceae, Ebenaceae, Pinaceae, Musaceae, Hypericaceae, Elaeagnusaceae, and Buxaceae. The main characteristics of spontaneous plants are species specific to water habitat. The artificially planted plants are large-shaped trees with distinctive characteristics that can be used for display; 5. No feature park’s plant families include: Begoniaceae, Cannabisaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Commelinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Lythraceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, and Podocarpaceae. Plants appear frequently in urban parks or not distributed characteristics. Through the discussion of this research, it is found that the characteristics of different plants have impact on their distribution in the park.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Landscape Architecture & Graduate Institute of Landscape Architecture ] thesis

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