| 摘要: | 目的：探討健康成人從事等衝量閾值訓練 (THR)、高強度間歇訓練 (HIIT) 及極端化訓練 (POL) 的過氧化體增生劑活化受體γ輔啟動因子1α (PGC-1α)、中樞血流動力學及有氧能力表現之效益影響。方法：招募健康年輕成人共 50 名，隨機分配至 CON (9名)、HIIT (14名)、POL (14名) 及 THR (13名) 進行 8 週的運動介入。實驗處理設計以等訓練衝量組合，並以 VT1 與 VT2 將強度區分為 Z1、Z2 及 Z3。全部組別每週進行 3 次的運動，HIIT 強度分佈為 Z3 100% 20分鐘、POL 為 Z1 75% 30分鐘與 Z3 25% 10分鐘、THR 為 Z1 50% 與 Z2 50% 各20分鐘。並於第 0、5 及 10 週檢測過氧化體增生劑活化受體γ輔啟動因子1α、最大運動測試中樞血流動力學 (HRmax、SVmax、Qmax 、a-vO2diff-max 及 SVR max) 與有氧能力表現 (VT1、VT2、VO2max、VEmax 及 TTE)。所得資料以混合設計二因子變異數分析檢定不同實驗處理與時間點的差異。結果：POL 的 PGC-1α 在第 5 與 10 週皆顯著高於第 0 週 (p<.05)。POL 的 SVmax 與 Q max 在第 5 週顯著高於第 0 週 (p<.05)；POL 的 SVmax 第 10 週顯著高於第 0 週。POL 的 SVRmax 在第 5 與 10 週皆顯著高於第 0 週 (p<.05)。HIIT 的 a-vO2diff-max 在第 10 週顯著高於第 5 週 (p<.05)。第 5 與 10 週的 VO2max 在 HIIT、POL 及 THR 皆顯著高於 CG (p<.05)；POL 在 5 週皆顯著高於第 0 週 (p<.05)；HIIT 與 POL 及 THR 在 10 週皆顯著高於第 0 與 5 週 (p<.05)。第 5 與 10 週的 TTE 在 HIIT、POL 及 THR 皆顯著高於 CG (p<.05)；HIIT 與 POL 及 THR 在第 5 與 10 週皆顯著高於第 0 週；POL 在第 10 週皆顯著高於第 5 週 (p<.05)。結論：POL 提升有氧能力表現不亞於 HIIT。而 POL 有較佳分子層級的有氧代謝適應，透過 Z1 與 Z3 訓練改善中樞血流動力學 (SVmax、Qmax 及 SVRmax)，進而提升有氧能力表現的效果。
Purpose: To investigate the effects of polarized training (POL), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), threshold training (THR) on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, central hemodynamic responses and aerobic performance in healthy young adults. Methods: 50 healthy adults were recruited and randomly assigned to CG (N=9), HIIT (N=14), POL (N=14), and THR (N=13). An 8-week exercise intervention with equal training impulse were conducted by all the participants. The exercise intensities were divided into Z1, Z2, and Z3 based on ventilation threshold 1 and 2 (VT1, VT2). Each group was requested to exercise on a designated intensity distribution 3 times a week: Z3 100% for 20 min in HIIT; Z1 75% for 30 min and Z3 25% for 10 min in POL; Z1 50% and Z2 50% for 20 minutes in THR. The PGC-1α, hemadynamics (HRmax, SV max, Qmax, a-vO2diff-max and SVRmax), and aerobic performance (VT1, VT2, VO2max, VEmax and TTE) were evaluated from maximal incremental exercise test in week 0, 5, and 10. Mixed-design two-way ANOVAs were used to examine the differences among groups and time points. Results: PGC-1α of POL in week 5 and 10 were significantly higher than Week 0 (p<.05). SVmax and Qmax of POL in week 5 were significantly higher than 0 (p<.05); SVmax of POL in week 10 were significantly higher than 0. SVRmax of POL in week 5 and 10 was significantly higher than 0 (p<.05). a-vO2diff-max of HIIT in week 10 was significantly higher than 5. In VO2max, HIIT, POL, and THR were significantly higher than CG in week 5 and 10 (p<.05). POL in week 5 was significantly higher than week 0 (p <.05). HIIT, POL and THR of Week 10 were significantly higher than week 5 and 0 (p<.05); TTE of HIIT, POL, and THR were significantly higher than CG in week 5 and 10 (p<.05). HIIT, POL and THR of week 5 and 10 were significantly higher than 0 (p<.05). POL in week 10 was significantly higher than week 5 (p <.05). Conclusion: The improvement of aerobic capacity in POL was similar with HIIT. POL has a better effect on aerobic metabolism adaptation in molecular level. Central hemadynamics (SVmax, Qmax and SVRmax) was improved through the training combination of Z1 and Z3, thus aerobic capacity performance enhanced. |
