國家目標的政策選擇：以台灣參加夏季奧林匹克運動會為例

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Title:	國家目標的政策選擇：以台灣參加夏季奧林匹克運動會為例 National Goals and Different Policy Choices: In the Context of Taiwan’s Approach to the Summer Olympics
Authors:	阿碧佳伊(Ruth Abigail Pineda)
Contributors:	國家發展與中國大陸研究所中國大陸組
Keywords:	運動政策國家目標奧林匹克運動會台灣中華台北國家形象國家尊嚴民族主義 Sport policy national goals Summer Olympic Games Taiwan Chinese Taipei country image national pride nationalism
Date:	2021
Issue Date:	2023-02-09 14:26:34 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	儘管古代奧林匹克運動會有其崇高的意義，現代奧運的功能卻受到一些質疑。研究文獻顯示，奧運主辦城市常在財務上虧大於贏。由於籌備奧運需要在基礎建設上投資巨大的金額，其入不敷出的回報，常激其許多辯論和爭議，即：為何世界各國仍持續爭取並投資奧運？本研究目的在分析台灣的奧運觀點及政策目標，特別著重於參與奧運與國家目標的關係。藉由政府相關機構的文獻、運動界人士的問卷調查和運動官員的深入訪談，本論文獲致以下發現：研究結果顯示，台灣的運動政策是由下而上的線性模式 – 即由政府決定目標、方針和策略，然後據此分配資源。再者，奧運對台灣的重要性在於它可成為國際社交和政治上的工具。作為一種國際社交手段，奧運可以作為一種認識國家的窗口，以改善台灣的國家形象。作為一種政治手段，奧運可以凝聚台灣民眾的向心力、維持國家尊嚴及民族主義。從國際角度觀察，國際社會原本不太了解台灣和的國家地位。參加如此規模的國際運動會確實能增加台灣的被認識度並且與中國做出區隔。此外儘管有中國的政治壓力，奧運對台灣運動員參與高水準運動會上的機會仍有幫助。 The modern Olympic Games are the greatest sporting event in the world, however, critics argue that the modern Olympics are a losing endeavor and it provokes many heated debates. Why countries continue to put so much investment and effort in the Olympics? This paper aims to analyze sport policy approach for the Olympic Games and how that approach aligns with national goals taking Taiwan’s perspective. The study takes a descriptive approach using quantitative data from literature, journals, reports on and offline, and official websites. Qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews to sports scholars in Taiwan. The interviews were conducted remotely using an interview guideline based on the questionnaire developed by Dr. Liu, Hung-Yu in his work on sports policy development in Taiwan. The questionnaire contains three sections with 41 open-ended questions. The results of this study suggests that Taiwan’s sports policy follows a linear model for policymaking and top-down approach where the government is the sole determinant of goals, plans and strategy to follow as well as resource allocation. The government of Taiwan invests in three main areas of sport: sports-for-all, school programs and elite/competitive sports. Of these three, the government devotes most resources and funding to elite/competitive sports in aims to create a favorable international profile. In addition, the Olympic Games are important for Taiwan because they can serve as a social and political tool. As a social tool to improve country image and induce a sense of pride and nationalism in the Taiwanese public. As a political tool, the Olympics help Taiwan achieve national goals by serving as a window to the international community. The Olympic Games is an event of great magnitude with a large audience and can help Taiwan gain international recognition and distinguish it from China. However, further analysis is needed to evaluate the real impact and significance of such policies in Taiwan.
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