二十世紀初，舞蹈劇場以一種新的表演形式開始在德國興起，並逐漸發展到歐洲，美洲和亞洲地。舞蹈劇場以獨特而多元的劇場理論為舞蹈注入了新穎的表演型態，為觀眾帶來耳目一新的視覺感官體驗。讓觀眾以及創作者重新審視劇場的可能性之同時，也重新界定「舞蹈」與「劇場」之間的異同性。
1970年代碧娜．鮑許創立了烏帕塔舞蹈劇場；更被譽為是舞蹈劇場之領航者。為此本研究將探討二次大戰前後德國藝術文化之發展背景，進而分析鮑許創作之動機、理念以及劇場背景。
本研究透過歷史研究法、舞蹈分析法和詮釋法，對鮑許舞蹈作品所書寫之「身體文化觀」作宏觀性與微觀性的研究。宏觀方面：首先探討二次大戰前後德國之歷史背景，與第三帝國對文化藝術發展的情況；以分析荒謬劇場和布萊希特的「疏離效果」劇場的新美學觀，作為詮釋鮑許的「舞蹈劇場」的根基。微觀方面：將探討鮑許的舞蹈教育背景以及早期的表現主義舞蹈對鮑許的影響；去探討鮑許的創作技巧、肢體語彙。之後透過舞蹈分析法，對鮑許的四部經典作品；《春之祭》、《藍鬍子》、《穆勒咖啡館》以及《帕勒摩、帕勒摩》進行分析與詮釋。希望能夠綜合以上之研究過程，發現鮑許之舞蹈劇場之文化衝擊、劇場美學觀與獨特的創作理念。
In the 1960s, the "Dance Theatre" began to develop in Germany as a new performing art form, and gradually developed into Europe, America and Asia. It abandons the aesthetics of traditional ballet and redefines the boundary between "dance" and "theater".
In the 1970s, Pina Bausch founded the Tanztheater Wuppertal; it is also known as the leader of the "Dance Theater". This study will explore the development background of German art and culture before and after World War II, and then analyze the motivation, concept, and theater background of Pina's creation.
This study will use historical research methods, dance analysis methods and Hermeneutics to study the macro and micro nature of the "body culture concept" written by Pina's dance works. Macroscopic aspect: First, discuss the historical background of Germany before and after World War II, and the development of culture and art in the Third Reich; take the analysis of the microcosmic aspects of Theatre of the Absurd and Brecht's “Alienation Effect” as the interpretation the “dance theater”. On the micro level: I will discuss how’s Pina’s dance educational background and the early Expressionist Dance influence on her work and to explore her creative skills and body vocabulary. Afterwards, through the dance analysis method to analyze and interpret the four－classic works of Pina; “The Rite of Spring”, “Bluebeard”, “Café Müller” and “Palermo Palermo”. It is hoped that the above research process can be synthesized to reflect the unique creativity of Tanztheater Wuppertal and the cultural body concept closely related to Germany.
