境外資金來臺投資與國家安全防範必要之調和研究

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Title:	境外資金來臺投資與國家安全防範必要之調和研究 A Study on the Reconciliation Between National Security and External Investment in Taiwan
Authors:	謝佳琪
Contributors:	法律學系
Keywords:	市場准入國家安全外人投資兩岸條例外國人投資條例服務貿易總協定外商投資法國防生產法
Date:	2021
Issue Date:	2021-05-27 09:36:45 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	境外資金來臺投資，係以身分屬性分流適用不同法制，為特殊的雙軌規範，然浮動的身分屬性標準及差別待遇措施，致使國際條約／協定與國內法產生扞格，來臺投資人無法受有國際條約／協定給予之投資保障。諸如，因身分屬性認定標準與國際規範脫軌，導致於國內法受有不利投資待遇之投資人，實質上應受國際條約／協定之保障。或過分解讀國內法條文義，而違背市場准入投資業別之國際承諾等問題，形成高度投資風險，導致外人投資存量墊底的現象。　　大陸新施行「中華人民共和國外商投資法」，樹立准入前國民待遇原則加負面清單管理制度原則，大幅簡化一般外人投資程序，而針對特定交易類型要求履行國家安全審查程序，但從優適用國際條約／協定之規範。美國方面，基本給予外國投資人國民待遇，但針對符合國防生產法第 721 節之管轄交易，總統於有可信證據顯示具有國家安全疑慮時，得禁止或中止之，而管轄交易的國家安全審議則由美國海外投資委員會進行。　　本文主張採單軌規範，制定境外投資人專法，進行全面投資申報，而針對具有重大國家安全考量的交易類型，以負面表列方式公布審議交易清單，由專責機關進行國家安全審議程序，審議決定採多數決，附加理由並比照判決形式公開。 In Taiwan, the investment of overseas capital is a special dual-track regulation, which is based upon the status of the investors and thereafter different legal rules will be applicable. Whilst keeping changing of the standards for identifying the status of investors and different treatments therefor, conflicts thus arise between the international treaties or agreements and the domestic laws. As a result, the external investors lack due protection by the international treaties. For instance, the discrepancies of the standards for identifying the external versus domestic status result in adverse treatment upon the investors by the domestic law, while they should be otherwise protected under international agreements. Overly interpreting textual meanings of the domestic law has violated the international commitment of market accessing, which in turn causes a high investment risk as well as an unfavorable investment environment for externals here. 　　The implementation of Foreign Investment Law of the People's Republic of China (“Mainland China”) establishes the administrative system of pre-establishment national treatment in addition to a negative list for foreign investment, which greatly simplifies investment screening procedures for external investors. As to certain transactions required for national security review, relevant provisions of international treaties or agreements, concluded or acceded to by Mainland China, provide more preferential treatments for the application of foreign investment. In the U.S., national treatment generally confers to the external investors; however, as for the covered transaction as per Section 721 of the Defense Production Act, American President may take such action for such time as President considers proper to suspend or prohibit any covered transaction that threatens to impair the American national security. With respect to national security reviews and investigations for the covered transaction, it is conducted by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. 　　This dissertation advocates to adopt one-track system, formulate special law on external investment and conduct a comprehensive declaration of investment. In terms of the types of transaction arousing national security concerns, those shall be published on the negative list that are decided and reviewed by a special national security committee. The decision to be made by the aforesaid committee shall adopt a majority rule and be published with grounds with referencing to the form of court judgement.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Law & Graduate Institute of Law ] thesis

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