| 摘要: | 背景：國內針對女子鉛球選手的相關研究鮮少，尤其在選材及預測運動表現上，目前更無相關研究依據。目的：探討國內優秀女子鉛球選手在身體組成、身體肢段、專項體能與運動表現之相關，以及比較不同層級女子鉛球選手專項特質變項及運動表現之差異，最後就研究結果編擬有效預測公式。方法：以國內高中11名及公開組11名，共計22名優秀女子鉛球選手為研究對象，檢測項目包含身體組成、身體肢段長度及圍度量測、鉛球專項體能，共計28個變項，利用Pearson’s 積差相關分析、迴歸分析與獨立樣本t檢定進行分析。結果：一、肌肉重、除脂體重、骨骼肌重與運動表現達顯著相關；二、指距、手掌長、大腿圍與運動表現達顯著相關；三、鉛球後拋、鉛球站投及仰臥推舉絕對力量與運動表現達顯著相關；四、公開組之鉛球運動表現顯著高於高中組，但專項特質之變項則無顯著差異；五、專項特質與運動表現之預測公式為y = -7.037 + 0.173 X1 (除脂肪體重，公斤) – 0.377 X2 (骨骼肌重，公斤) + 0.21 X3 (指距，公分) + 0.293 X4 (手掌長，公分) + 0.130 X5 (大腿圍，公分) – 0.004 X6 (鉛球後拋，公尺) + 0.878 X7 (鉛球站投，公尺) + 0.003 X8 (仰臥推舉絕對肌力，公斤)。結論：本研究結果顯示，肌肉重、除脂體重、骨骼肌重、指距、手掌長、大腿圍、鉛球後拋、鉛球站投及仰臥推舉絕對力量，可做為鉛球選手選材之參考依據，及鉛球運動表現的預測參考值，建議教練採用這些變項之檢測，來選擇出適合發展鉛球運動之潛力選手。
Background: There are only few domestic studies conducted for female shot putters, especially in selecting talents and predicting sports performance. At present, there is no relevant research basis. Purpose: To analyze correlations among Taiwan’s elite female shot putter, including body composition, body limb segments, specific fitness characteristics, and athletic performance. Methods: Twenty-two elite female athletes (senior high group: 11; open group 11) were recruited. A total of twenty-eight body segments measurements including body limb segments and InBody measurements for body composition were recorded, respectively. Pearson’s correlation, regression analysis and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: 1. Significant correlation was found between muscle mass, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass and athletic performance. 2.There found significant correlation between total arm length, length of palms, thigh circumference, and athletic performance. 3. Significant correlation was revealed as well as between overhead throw, standing throw, absolute strength of bench press, and athletic performance. 4. Athletic performance in open group was found significantly higher than senior high group while no obvious difference was found among specific fitness. 5. The study presented as final a prediction equation which explains specific fitness and athletic performance listed as: y = -7.037 + 0.173 X1 (lean body mass, kg) – 0.377 X2 (skeletal muscle mass, kg) + 0.21 X3 (total arm length, cm) + 0.293 X4 (length of palms, cm) + 0.130 X5 (thigh circumference, cm) – 0.004 X6 (overhead throw, m) + 0.878 X7 (standing throw, m) + 0.003 X8 (absolute strength of bench press, kg). Conclusions: The results of this study show that measurements of muscle mass, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, total arm length, length of palms, thigh circumference, overhead throw, standing throw, absolute strength of bench press can be used as a reference for the selection of shot putters, and as a predictive reference value for shot put performance. Coaches are advised to test these parameters to select potential players suitable for the development of shot put. |
