明清交替後，朝鮮表面上維持和清朝的藩屬關係和朝貢貿易，實際的心態卻是「慕華賤夷」，甚至是「尊華攘夷」。「小中華」一詞，原是中國眼中，認為朝鮮是先進、有文化的國家而賦予的，但在女真族入主中原後，朝鮮自稱小中華，認為華夏文明轉移到了朝鮮的民族意識深植人民心中，不願承認中國的先進、富庶，使國家發展停滯不前。
直到十八世紀中後，燕行經驗豐富的朴齊家親眼目睹中國的興盛繁榮，在《北學議》一書中闡述其觀點，甚至與100多名清國人士結交為友。然而在民族意識強烈的朝鮮，北學是如何興起？其思想又為如何？與清朝人交友有哪些影響？本篇論文以朴齊家的著作為主，探討其燕行前後的北學思想及跨國交流的產生。
Alternation of Ming and Qing Dynasty, Korea superficially maintained its vassal relationship with the Qing Dynasty and the tributary trade, but the actual mentality was "honour the Ming Dynasty and drive off the barbarians" The term "Little China" was originally given by China in the eyes of Korea as an advanced and educated country. However, after the Jurchens entered the Central Plains, Korea called itself Little China and believed that the Chinese civilization was transferred to Korea and its national consciousness was deeply rooted. In the hearts of the people, they are unwilling to recognize Qing Dynasty 's advanced and prosperous state, which has stagnated the country's development.
Until the middle of the 18th century, the Park, Jega, who had traveled extensively in China, witnessed the prosperity of China with their own eyes, expounded their views in the book " Bukhakui ", and even made friends with more than 100 people from the Qing Dynasty. However, in Korea, where the national consciousness is strong, how did the Northern Studies arise? What is its ideology? What are the influences of making friends with people in the Qing Dynasty? This thesis focuses on the works of Park, Jega, and discusses his northern studies before and after the trip and the emergence of transnational exchanges.
