| 摘要: | 歐美先進國家自1980-1990年代起即採取文化導向策略包括文化創意產業、文化設施、文化活動、文資保存利用、營造文創地標等，並結合創意城市(Creative City)理念，作為以提振經濟發展為目標的都市再生策略，然2000年代起的城鄉願景，文化導向都市再生不再僅是實體的建物或經濟提振，而是地區環境、社會及經濟面等都市全方位的健全，更與都市創意氛圍與鄰里的生活品質息息相關。
臺灣的都市更新(Urban Renewal)始於1970年代，採都市計畫、區段徵收及市地重劃的手段實施，1990年以後因應都市建築老化，則陸續訂定都市更新相關法規積極推動，主要處理方式為實質建物的重建、整建及維護，遲至2005年以後才慢慢引入都市再生的作法，期透過大面積國有土地及資產的再開發，以資產產導向再生的方式(Property-led Regeneration)企圖帶動整合文化、社會、經濟、環境等面向的都市再生效果。
台灣的文化資產保存於1982年即已立法，惟自1990年代始積極推動，文化創意產業(Cultural and Creative Industries)則於2000年以方案形式開始討論，2002年行政院「挑戰2008年國家發展重點計畫」提出促進文創產業的方向，2009年提出五大文創園區計畫，文化逐漸與空間發展連結，2018年「文化創意產業發展法」公布實施，但文化創意連結都市發展是否效果加乘，又如何促成文化導向成為下一波台灣都市再生的動力，是本研究起始的動機。
本研究首先從聯合國世界城市狀況報告中，探討1990年以來，世界城市從對經濟發展追求、資產導向都市更新，及至文化導向都市再生的發展趨勢，再從文化導向都市再生的相關研究中，整理出評估文化導向都市再生策略之績效評估指標，透過都市更新政產學的專家學者問卷，運用ANP及AHP等計量方法，並經深度訪談(In-depth Interview)中央地方都市更新主管機關具經驗之高階主管、社區的店家與居民代表，以及主導推動大稻埕都市再生及台中綠光計劃之專家後，提出臺灣文化導向都市再生策略之績效評估指標，包括:活化與再生、創意與創新、產業與經營以及營造創意氛圍等5個面向下的11項指標，並建議各項指標下的衡量子標。
此外，本研究以台北市都市再生前進基地（URS）計畫為文化導向都市再生之實證案例，透過IPA滿意度分析及深度訪談結果，提出台灣文化導向都市再生政策、策略之相關建議，以及文化導向都市再生後續研究建議。
Western countries have applied the cultural strategies in urban regeneration projects since 1980s. The theme of the culture- led regeneration projects, from hardware to software, containing the facilities, sites, places of culture, the cultural and creative industries, the creative class and even the creative milieu among the area. The goals of culture-led urban regeneration was set not only for the economic growth or the improvement of the physical environment, but also for the promotion of social inclusion, living quality, and even the achievement of social sustainability.
In Taiwan, The Urban Renewal ACT of Taiwan was enacted in 1998. The major points of the Act include renewal area enlargement and private investment enhancement to promote street-scale renewal projects instead of reconstruction of single buildings. However, the main value of the renewal projects still relies on property development to provide the driving force for urban regeneration.
As to the cultural development, Cultural Heritage Preservation Act was enacted in 1982. The cultural strategies focused mostly on historical preservation. Till 2002, the policy of cultural and creative industrial park was firstly advocated. Plus, the Development of the Cultural and Creative Industries Act was enacted in 2010. Therefore, cultural strategies have gradually become the drive of urban regeneration.
Following the trend of culture-led regeneration, this research would like to discuss the culture-led Urban Regeneration strategy in Taiwan. Literature review, FDM, ANP and AHP methods are applied to set up the optimal indicators to evaluate the strategies of culture-led urban regeneration. Subsequently, Urban Regeneration Station, defined as a culture-led urban regeneration strategy, practicing in Dadaocheng is taken as an empirical case. IPA analysis is performed and furtherly, in-depth interviews with professionals, government officials and resident/community are practiced. Therefore, five dimensions of the evaluation indicators, including localization & revitalization, community cohesion, creativity & innovation, industry & management and creative milieu, and detailed indexes under every indicator are recommended. The promoting focus of culture-led urban regeneration policy and strategies is recommended. |
