| 摘要: | 隨著經濟的發展，科技的進步，現代化進程下很多都市與鄉村地區都遇到過度的人為使用開發(over use)問題從而影響生態與環境。在台灣南投縣清境農場是當地休閒遊憩好去處，隨著不斷的開發與人為使用強度增加出現了over use的現象，而在此之外其他很多山林裡的地區卻因為缺乏經濟條件、人口外移與老齡化等多重問題，在全球化趨勢下出現過低度使用(under use)的情況。近年來山村旅遊、山村經濟成為現在山村發展的關鍵詞，但是在帶動當地經濟的同時，過度的開發而導致出現over use與under use共存的現況。目前行政院農委會林務局相關計畫政策的擬定與推廣也慢慢轉向重視環境所蘊含的生態系服務功能，推動里山倡議的概念融入台灣，讓山村問題開始出現轉機。
本研究利用InVEST model來對清境及其周邊地區山村的生態系服務功能進行評估，來試圖利用科學的方法與數據，給予山村擺脫困境與永續發展的建議。在InVEST model評估中，選取了棲地品質（Habitat Quality）、視覺品質（Unobstructed Views: Scenic Quality Provision）、遊憩品質（Visitation: Recreation and Tourism）三個模塊來對位於南投縣仁愛鄉內精英村、大同村、合作村、春陽村進行評估，評估結果由圖面展示了研究範圍內保育類物種的相對棲息環境品質與視覺衝擊。研究範圍山村之保育類棲地品質整體呈現出由人為活動密集處向外棲地品質遞增的情形，視覺衝擊則為向外遞減。研究範圍內的視覺衝擊，主要表現在清境農場周邊的民宿與制茶工廠等工業活動。在模擬了未來相關計畫後，規劃後的保護區內棲地品質上升，而其他區域由於人為設施與建地的增加以及更頻繁的人類活動，出現研究範圍內保育類物種棲地品質下降與視覺衝擊增加的現象。山坡地的開發與人為活動的增加，直接或間接導致了部分over use地區生物棲息環境的缺失。在觀光經濟的需求與生態保育之間需要衡量的除了當地水土保持、住家環境壓力、安全風險外還有視覺美學，從而合理限制人為開發的強度大小。
With the fast development of modern society, excessive use of nature resources by human activities induced a series of ecology and environment problems. Chin-Jin Farm, which located in Nantou, Taiwan, is a popular place where people would visit during vacations. It provides a place in which people can relax and temporarily escape from the city life. However, with the increasing intensity of human use, the phenomenon of over use has emerged in such place of interest. On the contrary, many other areas in the mountains and forests are being ignored and experiencing under use due to declining population and development. In recent years, mountain tourism and economy have become the key words for the development of mountain villages. On the one hand, it do push the local economy. On the other hand, unbalanced exploitation has led to the coexistence of over use and under use. Nowadays, the policy formulation and promotion of the Forestry Bureau of the Council of Agriculture of the Executive Yuan is slowly shifting to emphasize the service function of the ecosystem contained in the environment and promote the concept of the Satoyama Initiative into Taiwan, so that the problem of mountain villages begins to take a turn for the better.
This study uses the InVEST model to evaluate the ecosystem service functions of mountain villages in Chin-Jin and its surrounding areas. By using scientific methods and data, trying to provide recommendations for mountain villages to help them escape from the predicament as mentioned above. Habitat quality, Unobstructed Views: Scenic Quality Provision, and Visitation: Recreation are three modules selected to assess Chin-Jin and its surrounding areas. The results use graphics to show the habitat quality and visual impact for the conservation species in the study area. The overall habitat quality for the conservation species shows increasing in habitat quality from the densely populated areas to the outer habitats, while the visual impact decreased in the outer areas. After simulating the future plan, it shows that the habitat quality increased in the conservation area, while decreased in other areas. Besides, the visual impact is increased due to more human constructions and activities. The development of hillside lands and the increase of human activities have directly or indirectly lead to the loss of habitat in some over use areas. In addition to local soil and water conservation, environmental pressures on homes, and safety risks, visual aesthetics need to be weighed against the needs of the tourism economy and ecological conservation in order to reasonably limit the intensity of human development. |
