| 摘要: | 本研究旨在研究社區認知、活動參與對高齡者活躍老化滿意度之研究---以台北市大同區國順里為例。研究採問卷調查，對象為臺北市大同區國順里 65 歲 (含)以上之高齡者里民為研究對象，以立意取樣方式取得研究資料。研究工具包括國順里高齡者里民「社區認知量表」、
「活動參與量表」及「活躍老化滿意度量表」，採李克特氏五點量表評定，與「個人背景變項」等編製成預試問卷初稿，其內容效度經五位學者專家審核修訂成預試問卷。共發出預試樣本數 40 份，有效回收率 100%。經統計分析 Cronbach's α 係數為.911，顯示預試問卷信、效度良好。故量表題項均保留。隨即發放正式樣本數為 410 份，有效問卷共計 380 份，有效回收率 95%。結果以 SPSS 20.0 統計套裝軟體， 次數分配百分比、平均數、標準差、獨立樣本T 檢定、單因子變異數分析(若具顯著差異時進行 Scheffé 事後檢定)、皮爾森積差相關、多元逐步迴歸等方法進行資料處理統計分析。
一、 結論如下:
(一) 高齡者居民對於居住在臺北市大同區國順里的社區認知為中高程度認知，對於居住的社區是有其黏著度及相當程度的關心及注意。
(二)台北市大同區國順里高齡者在活動參與上對於所居住的社區活動參與部分也皆很高;尤以「老人共餐」與「國內外旅遊活動」層面為最高。
(三) 台北市大同區國順里高齡者里民在「社區認知」及「活動參與」與「活躍老化」成顯著正相關，對於社區認知越高活動參與也越高則對於活躍老化的滿意度則有顯著的提升。
(四)台北市大同區國順里高齡者里民獨居老人問題層面須多加
關注。
二、 建議事項如下:
(一)對台北市大同區國順里高齡者里民:研究顯示在「我樂於參與知性講座的活動嗎?(例如:環境維護、安全、健康類)」較低，建議多多參與相關知性講座維護自身安全及權益較為恰當。
(二) 對里服務處:研究顯示在「時常關心社區發生的事物?」較低， 建議多多關心及了解高齡者的心態及宣導里的優勢;多照顧里內獨居老人的需求，例如:每日巡視或是搬運家中重物等。
(三)對政府:建議政府在針對銀髮族的「活躍老化」部分，提供社區老人促進健康及加強社區樂齡/無齡機構的積極建立，或連結健康資訊,與醫院結盟,加入 Line/Wechat 群組,施行簡易衛教，提供銀髮族跟上科技腳步，在政府安全與健康的把關下營造更多老人幸福。
(五)對未來之研究:在研究方法方面，建議可搭配深度訪探，讓研究結果更能符合需求，且更具參考價值。
This study is aimed at heightening the community cognition, activity participation and active aging satisfaction research for older adult and this study as a case takes the village of Guoshun in Datong district, Taipei. The questionnaire with a Likert five-point scale were sampled from the age of 65 years old elderly people who have been living in the village of Guoshun for this study. Cronbach’s α of the pre-tested questionnaires was the constant .911, which confirmed their validity and reliability. The data of 410 samples was investigated and 380 valid questionnaires were analyzed with the statistical software package SPSS for Window20.0 including the frequencies, percentage, means, standard deviation, independent sample t- test, ANOVA (Scheffé post hoc test performed in cases with significant difference.) Pearson’s product–moment correlation, and multiple step-by step regression have been tested.
The results of the study are as follows:
1. Older adult residents have a medium-to-high degree of cognition of the community living in the village of Guoshun, and they have a degree of adhesion and a considerable degree of care and attention to the community.
2. Older adult in the village of Guoshun have a high level of participation in the community activities, especially in terms of "meal for the elderly" and "domestic and foreign tourism activities".
3. There is a significant positive correlation between "community awareness" and "activity participation" and "active aging" among older adults in the village of Guoshun. The higher the community awareness and the higher the activity participation have shown higher the satisfaction with active aging.
4. More attention should be paid to the issue of elderly people living alone in the village of Guoshun.
The suggestions derived resulted from the study are as follows:
1. For the village elderly:
Research shows that "Am I willing to participate in intellectual lecture activities? (e.g. environmental maintenance, safety, health)" is low. It is recommended to participate in related intellectual lectures to protect yourself is more appropriate.
2. For the village authority:
Research shows that "Do I always care about what happens in the community?" is low. It is recommended to pay more attention to understand the mentality of the elderly and advocate the advantages of the village; taking more care of the needs of the elderly living alone, such as: daily patrol or move heavy objects at home, etc.
3. For the government:
It is recommended that in the ''active aging'' part for the silver-haired people, provide the elderly in the community to promote health and strengthen the active establishment of the community's elderly/ageless institutions, or link health information, form alliances with hospitals, join the Line/Wechat group, implement simple health education, and provide the elderly people to keep pace with technology. Under the providing of safety and health from the government, it can create more happiness in the elderly’s life quality. |
