| 摘要: | 由於我國地峽人稠的特色，不動產具有高度經濟價值，有土斯有財亦為國人所熟悉之習語，對於擁有閒置資金的人們，投資購買不動產亦為理財重要方法之一。不動產優先購買不但能初步簡化不動產利用關係，經妥善規劃評估亦能成為一種投資方式，然而不動產優先購買權涉及諸多要件爭議，包括文義、性質、效果及要件等等，於法律的適用上，又因涉及諸多特別法或行政規則，使原本已略顯複雜之法律問題更加不容易釐清。然而欲探討優先購買權相關之細部要件爭議前，應先釐清優先購買權在憲法保障財產權之範圍內，是否有違憲或修正之可能，才有進一步探討之實益。
另外，產權乃調整資源使用權利分配的權利形式，從交易成本的觀點檢視效率的資源分配，據以檢討優先購買權的立法原則深具意義。故本文第一章先介紹優先購買權之意義、種類及法律性質，以明瞭該權利之作用及法律效果，再嘗試探討優先購買權是否有違反憲法保障契約自由及財產權之疑慮，是否應適度限縮及優先購買權與法律經濟和交易市場的關係，最後比較分析各國優先購買權之法制。第三章節開始，分析介紹我國常見之各種不動產優先購買權，逐一扼要說明其法律要件、立法理由及實際操作下可能遇到之瓶頸，並點出常見優先購買權之爭議問題，最後提出結論、初步立法及修法建議，並探討現行法是否仍有存在之實質價值。
Due to the dense population of the isthmus of our country, real estate has a high economic value. Along with real estate comes about wealth. For people with idle funds, investing in real estate is also one of the important methods of financial management. The preemptive purchase of real estate can not only simplify the relationship of real estate utilization initially, but can also become an investment method after proper planning and evaluation. However, the preemptive right of real estate involves many important disputes, including literal meaning, nature, effect, requirements and so on. About the application of the law, it is related to many other special laws or administrative rules, it is even more difficult to clarify legal issues when that are already slightly complicated. However, before discussing the details of the disputes related to the right of pre-emption, it is necessary to clarify whether the right of pre-emption is within the scope of the constitutional protection of property rights, and whether it is unconstitutional or possible to amend it.
In addition, property rights are a form of right that adjusts the allocation of rights to use resources. It is of great significance to examine efficient resource allocation from the perspective of transaction costs, and to review the legislative principles of pre-emption rights. Therefore, the first chapter of this article first introduces the meaning, types and legal nature of the right of pre-emption, in order to understand the role and legal effect of the right, and then try to explore whether the right of pre-emption violates the constitution to protect the freedom of contract and property rights, and whether it should be affected. Appropriate restriction and the relationship between the right of first refusal and the legal economy and transaction market, and finally compare the legal system of the right of first refusal in various countries. At the beginning of the third chapter, it analyzes and introduces various common real estate pre-emption rights in our country, briefly explains its legal elements, legislative reasons and possible bottlenecks in actual operation, and points out common controversial issues of pre-emption rights, and finally puts a conclusion , Preliminary legislation and suggestions for amendments to the law, and explore whether the current law still has substantial value. |
