| 摘要: | 科技對現今人類生活、國家發展、產業結構等產生重大影響，故科技政策的制定包含解決跨領域的議題、設定國家發展策略、領導先端性技術產業等。本計畫試圖觀察從1995年日本公布《科學技術基本法》起至安倍晉三內閣領軍，顯見日本對科技政策法之整備和政府衝刺之決心。本計畫的重點有(1)日本科技政策的發展和課題，諸如內閣官邸如何扮演起司令塔的領導角色，並水平式地串連起行政省廳的配合。當中以如何化解省廳間的矛盾和衝突，並有效地檢驗省廳對於科技政策的執行成效；其次，串聯起產官學合作的NEDO角色，也值得我國參考。(2) Society 5.0的建構。從第五期科學技術基本計劃起，到產總研提出的萬人參加型的Smart產業社會，說明國家與社會一元化推動超智慧社會的發展。並且在對應少子化和高齡化社會來臨的當下，未來雲端、大數據、物聯網、自動化、機器人等，都構成更人性化的服務和補足勞動力的思維。鑲嵌於其中的是「創新」的重要性，故社會必須提供媒介的平台，達成國家允諾給予人民更幸福的生活方式。其次，讓日本成為科技領導的先驅社會，有利於自國企業發展國外市場和擴大海外利益，達成勞資雙方皆贏的局面。(3)人才的培育：以女性就業和育兒之間的均衡觀點。觀察少子化和高齡化下日本擴大勞動力的可能，並以女性觀點探討科技與社會福利連結之可能。諸如透過大數據的資料蒐集和分析，或者藉由人工智慧減少家事勞動等，都是發展科技政策時重要的參考指標。試圖發現科技始終來自於人性，在以人為本的科技時代來臨當下，政府應當如何提供適切平台連接起企業和勞工，並創造一個具有超智慧的社會運作。
The technology has greatly influenced the modern life, affecting the development of state and changed the industrial structure. Therefore the technology policy-making should solve the interdisciplinary issues, to set the development strategies of state, and to lead the industries in developing new high-end technologies, etc. This plan tries to observe the Japanese “Science and Technology Basic Plan” enacted in 1995 till the leading of Abe cabinet at present time in aiming to comprehensively and systematically advance the science and technology policy. The government formulates the basic plan in science and technology policies based on anticipating the outcome in following decade.The main points of this plan are, (1) the development and issues of science and technology policy of Japan, such as how the cabinet to play the leading role, and connect all administrative bureau to cooperate, especial to solve the contradiction and conflict of administrative bureaus, and effectively examine the result of science and technology policy. Second, the role of NEDO which built-up the co-operation of industry, government and academe is also very important.(2)the building of Society 5.0. From the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan to the smart industry society of 10 thousand people join pattern of National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, it means that the state and society combined together to promote the development of super smart society. And face the era of declining birthrate and aging society is approaching, the cloud, big data, IoT, automation and robots etc., those are very important to offer more humanized services and fill up the shortage of the labor. The most important is innovation, so the society has to become the interact platform to make the government offer more comfortable life to people. Then Japan will become the technology leading society, which can make the enterprises expand the international market and pursuit the benefit, so to achieve the win-win situation between the employers and the employees. (3)the training of human resources, from the viewing point of the balance between the female jobs and the childcare. How Japan can expand the labor force during this declining birthrate and aging society? This plan tries to take the view point from female to explore the possibility in connecting the technology and the social welfare. Such as to collect and analyze the information from big data, or try to reduce the home job by AI, those are very important information during the government designing the technology policy. The technology is always coming from the human being, and the technology era which based on the humanism is coming, the government should offer the right platform in connecting the enterprise and the labor, to create a super smart harmonious society. |
