戰後台灣對「台籍原日本兵」的論述研究—政府態度和輿論的分析

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题名:	戰後台灣對「台籍原日本兵」的論述研究—政府態度和輿論的分析 A Study on Taiwan’S Discourses of the Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman: Analysis of Government Attitude and Public Opinion
作者:	黃美惠
贡献者:	日本語文學系
关键词:	台籍原日本兵戰後處理戰後補償歷史和解歷史記憶 Taiwanese Imperial Japan Servicemen Post-War Processing and Rebuilding Reparation of War Historical Reconciliation Historical Memory
日期:	2020
上传时间:	2020-09-25 09:23:04 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本計畫是承上(2019)年科技部計畫「台日・日韓之戰後處理的比較研究――以原日本兵的補償問題與歷史記憶為中心」(計畫編號: 108-2410-H-034-010-)的延續性研究。二戰結束後，日本政府對於戰後處理的海外殖民地賠償問題一直消極應對，對於台籍原日本兵的儲金、年金、賠償問題遲遲未能有完全解決。儘管1952年日華《台北和約》第三條規定 :「關於日本國及國民在臺灣及澎湖之財產及其對於在臺灣及澎湖之中華民國當局及居民所作要求 (含債權在內) 之處置，及該中華民國當局及居民在日本國之財產及其對於日本國及日本國國民所作要求 (含債權在內) 之處置，應由中華民國政府與日本國政府間另商特別處理辦法。本約任何條款所用『國民』及『居民』等名詞，均含括法人在內。」但直到1972年9月「日華斷交」、「日中建交」之時，相關法律或應「由中華民國政府與日本國政府間另商特別處理辦法」都未出現，以致當事者或家屬求償難有所據。1975年2月28日，外交部長沈昌煥在立法院答詢時表示，日本政府片面宣佈中日和約終止效力，《兩國人民債務處理辦法》，自無再商訂之餘地。就是說日華斷交之後，不可能進行修訂處理辦法，中華民國政府顯示消極的態度。從1977年開始，有五個台灣民間團體合力跨海對日本政府提起訴訟，引發報刊輿論的討論。1985年東京高等法院於駁回該案上訴，同時附加但書，希望日本政府立法解決。1987年9月，日本眾、參兩院通過特別立法〈台灣人原日本兵弔慰金支給法〉。依該法，日本政府除發放每位死亡者遺族200萬日圓的「弔慰金」。原本計畫自1988年9月起申請，預計以三年的時間完成所有發放作業，但實際上因審查作業至1995年才完成發放。此期間輿論陸續對「台籍原日本兵」的身分也有所討論，但卻少有歷史記憶斷裂方面的討論。1992年3月，政府與輿論焦點似乎仍在賠償金額問題，而非對於台灣的戰爭歷史記憶有所討論，以致社會仍對斷裂的歷史無法理解。本計畫從歷年政府與輿論對於戰後處理的態度，對「台籍原日本兵」的應對方式，對如樹立紀念碑、建立紀念館、參與者記憶保存、學校教育傳承、歷年的慰靈祭等對於戰爭記憶的傳承方式，加以爬梳分析。對於台灣目前政府在戰後處理的作為，與歷史教育中的缺失，亟待進行的戰爭歷史記憶重建，尚存的戰後賠償問題，或能有所助益。 This project is based on my actual project “An International Comparative Study of the Post-war Processing Between Japan-Taiwan and Japan-Korea'' (108-2410-H-034-010-) of the Ministry of Science and Technology, to explore a further research. After the end of World War II, the Japanese government has been passively responding to the issue of reparation for its colonies after the war, and has not been able to completely resolve the issue of military Post, pensions, and compensation for Taiwanese Japanese soldiers.Since the “Treaty of Peace between Japan and the Republic of China” regulates in its article III. “The disposition of property of Japan and of its nationals in Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores), and their claims, including debts, against the authorities of the Republic of China in Taiwan and Penghu and the residents thereof, and the disposition in Japan of property of such authorities and residents and their claims, including debts, against Japan and its nationals, shall be the subject of special arrangements between the Government of Japan and the Government of the Republic of China. The terms nationals and residents whenever used in the present Treaty include juridical persons.” However, until September 1972, when Japan-ROC diplomatic relations were severed, and Japan-PRC diplomatic relations were established, the relevant laws or "special measures to be negotiated between the Government of the Republic of China and the Government of Japan" did not be stipulated. There is no basis of law for claiming compensation, and the ROC government showed a passive attitude.On September 1987, the Japanese House of Representatives passed special legislation, the "Taiwanese Original Japanese Soldiers' Consolation Payment Law," which was also passed in the Senate. According to the law, the Japanese government has issued a "consolation" of 2 million yen to each family of victim. The original plan was to apply from September 1988, and it was expected that all distribution operations would be completed in three years, but the actual review of the operation was not completed until 1995. During the period, public opinion has also discussed the identity of "Taiwanese Imperial Japan servicemen", but there has been little discussion about the historical memory. Since then, the focus of the government and public opinion seems to still be on the issue of compensation, rather than discussing the historical memory of Taiwan's war, so that society still cannot understand the fractural history.This plan intends to analyze the attitudes of the government and public opinion on post-war processing and rebuilding in the past years, and the way of responding to " Taiwanese Imperial Japan Servicemen". As for Taiwan's action in the post-war process, and lack of historical education, in urgent need of reconstruction of the historical memory of the war, this research can be helpful.
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