| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探究農民曆八字命詩用於高齡男性長者之助人蘊意，先以內容整理探討命詩吉凶分布、主題及與華人文化的對應關係；中以詮釋學的長者視域交融觀點，探究長者的生命敘說如何與命詩互為文本，得出長者對命運的自我詮釋以及對命詩的批判；後以論述分析探究命詩的潛在文化意涵及其助人蘊意。
研究發現：首先，骨重越重命越好，但部分骨輕者有好命格；部分骨重者也需防人生的突發變數或等待機緣來時才能擁有好運。研究者認為骨重與命詩的關係與太極圖示相似，是吉凶二元對立，卻非絕對的狀態。其次，透過命詩的主題分析，得出命詩的靜態主題有「夙世因緣」（指今世福報為前世所累積所致）、「才德職志」（指人一生的才華、性情、所從事職業，乃至志業），動態主題為「際遇轉折」（指人有可能因為偶發事件而改變命運的好壞）、「運途針砭」（指命詩會針對特定命格者，提出對其命運的評論與生涯方向指引），兩類主題皆指向「人生成就」（指人一生所能享受的福氣、財祿以及壽命長短，以及在社會上享有的名聲與地位）之核心主題。
命詩的潛在文化意涵主要為市井小民追求富貴人生之功利思想，命詩所形構的圖像式語言有助長者直覺聯想、產生高度自我關注、對過往事務觀點轉換以及生命經驗的自我整合，此為命詩助人的優點：然而從三位長者的生命敘說與命詩互為文本的歷程中發現，命詩無法反映時空環境對長者命運所產生的影響；內容涉及個人福報並強調行善的重要性，但是從長者的生命敘說中發現，行善未必能帶來福報，顯見命詩的論述矛盾不易理解，命詩採偏安保守的生涯觀，較少提供積極正向的生涯觀點；對於凶的預言用詞過於絕對，恐對曾經歷生命挫折長者的心靈帶來傷害，有關上述命詩不足之處，助人者可以溫情與敬意以及架新框的諮商態度與技巧，來陪伴長者修復內在傷痛。助人者引命詩於長者生命敘說時，須取其利，避其害，方能發揮命詩本土文化之助人價值。
The purpose of this study is to explore the indication of Bazi fortune poem in Farmers' Almanac applied to elderly men. The content has been classified to discuss the distribution of good or bad luck and the themes in fortune poem, along with the relationship to Chinese culture. Through hermeneutic perspectives among the elders, the study discusses the intertextuality between elders’ self-narrative and fortune poem. The results were showed that the elders’ self-interpretation and their criticism about fortune poem. Then the study explores the implied aspects of culture through discourse analysis and the implication of fortune poem in helping others.
The study found that the person who owns heavier weight bone has a good birth chart, but people with lighter bones have a better fate. However, some people of the heavier weight bone should be aware of the sudden change in life or wait for the opportunity to get good luck. The researcher believes that the relation between the bone weight and fortune poem is similar to Tai Chi icon, which means dualism but not in a contrary state. Additionally, by analyzing the theme of fortune poem, the static and dynamic themes are illustrated. The static themes are " karma and destiny " (it refers to a person’s accumulated blessing of previous life would lead to the good luck of this life.) and "talent and virtue" (it indicates a person’s gift, temperament, career and vocation). The dynamic themes are as follows: "Opportunity and turning point" (it means one’s destiny might be changed due to accident or happenstance) and “direction and path" (it refers that fortune poem would have the comments to a person’s destiny and future direction, according to one’s particular birth chart).
To sum up, it indicates that both themes lead to the same subject, life achievement, which includes the blessing, wealth, longevity, reputation and social status in one’s entire life.
The implicit cultural interpretation of fortune poem is mainly about utilitarianism of pursuing a wealthy life. The construction of fortune poem is linked to graphical language, which lets the elders have free association and be highly self-focused. Therefore, it is not only beneficial for the elders to have alternative viewpoints about the past but to integrate their life experiences. However, from the intertextuality between three elders’ self-narratives about their life experience and fortune poem, it cannot reflect time or environment have an impact on the fate of the elders. The content of fortune poem involves individual blessing and the importance of good behaviors, yet behaving well may not bring about good fortune, according to the elder’s self-narratives. It shows that the content of fortune poem is contradictory and not easy to be understood. Besides, it showcases the career perspectives in fortune poem are quite conservative and provide less optimistic career guidance for people. Also, the prophecy of fortune poem is rather extreme and might cause harm to the elders who have had frustrating life experiences. Regarding the limits of fortune poem, helpers can be empathetic and treat the elders with respect, as well as using reframing counseling skills to help them recover from the trauma. In conclusion, when using fortune poem to help the elders express themselves, the helpers are supposed to estimate whether is beneficial or harmful for the elders. Consequently, fortune poem can be a domestic and valuable tool to help the elders. |
