| 摘要: | 隨著信息技術的發展，科技的更新，數位化時代已經到來，如何系統定義歷史街區風貌，將信息技術引進建築造型與立面設計中，是目前建築界不斷探索不斷追求的一個問題。形狀語法作爲一種以形狀爲基礎，結合自我界定的生成規則，在自動化生成建築造型與立面設計過程中提供强有力的幫助，從而得到符合原有歷史街區風貌要求的設計結果。
本文主要通過梳理形狀語法的起源及規則制定方法，使用此方法，對“三坊七巷”歷史街區的建築造型與立面參數自動化設計方法進行實驗。首先，通過實地調查法，將“三坊七巷”內具有代表性的建築進行詳細調
查與瞭解。其次，通過文獻整理與專家討論，將“三坊七巷”分為傳統民居與更新民居，傳統建築造型分為：“一”字型、“T”字型、“=”字型、“工”字型、“立”字型、“日”字型、“曰”字型、“U”字型、“回”字型、園林進型歸納）；通過詳細案例將其立面組成部分為：入口、天井、主座、厢房、回廊、亭子等；最後
說明其立面的組成元素：馬鞍墻、灰塑、雕花、灰瓦、木格栅、木欄杆、木紋花等。同時也對更新民居進行總結歸納。最後,建立“三坊七巷”歷史街區建築造型與立面相關形狀語法，在此基礎下引進參數式設計，將技術手段與設計風格融合，主要用Rhino 中的Grasshopper 進行可視化調控模擬，並通過調整其參數最終達到自動化生成“三坊七巷”歷史街區建築建築造型與立面目的。
通過本研究，展現了建築造型與立面參數式與自動化生成的可行性。最終進行設計後檢討，總結此方法對建築造型及立面設計過程中的利弊，以供後續研究深化的可能性。
With the development of information technology, the update of technology, and the digital age has arrived, how to systematically define the appearance of historical blocks and introduce information technology into architectural modeling and facade design is a problem that the construction industry is constantly exploring and pursuing. Shape grammar, as a form-based, combined with self-defined generation rules, provides powerful help in the process of automatically generating architectural shapes and facade design, so as to obtain design results that meet the requirements of the original historical street style. This article mainly combs the origin of the shape grammar and the rule-making method. Using this method, the experiment of the automatic design method of the architectural modeling and facade parameters of the "Three Squares and Seven Alleys" historical block is carried out. First, through the field survey method, the representative buildings in the "Three Squares and Seven Alleys" will be investigated and understood in detail. Secondly, through literature collation and expert discussion, the "Three Squares and Seven Alleys" are divided into traditional houses and renovated houses, and the traditional architectural shapes are divided into: "One" font, "T" font, "="" font, "work" "Font, "li" font, "day" font, "yue" font, "U" font, "hui" font, garden advancement type); through detailed cases, the facade components are: : Entrances, patios, main seats, cabins, cloisters, pavilions, etc.; finally, the elements of its façade are explained: saddle walls, gray plastic, carved, gray tiles, wooden grilles, wooden railings, wood grain flowers, etc. At the same time, it also summarizes the renewal of residential houses. Finally, the building shape and facade related grammar of the "Three Squares and Seven Alleys" historical block were established. On this basis, parametric design was introduced to integrate technical methods and design styles. The main IV use of Grasshopper in Rhino was used for visual control simulation and passed Adjust its parameters to achieve the purpose of automatically generating the architectural shapes and facades of the "Three Squares and Seven Alleys" historical blocks. Through this study, the feasibility of building modeling and façade parameterization and automatic generation was demonstrated. Finally, a postdesign review was conducted to summarize the pros and cons of this method in the process of building modeling and facade design for the possibility of further research. |
