| 摘要: | 本研究旨在研究不同背景之兩岸高齡者對於智慧型手機使用之差異，進而影響日常生活的情形，並探討彼此間相關性。研究採問卷調查，對象為臺北市及上海市之民眾 65歲 (含)以上之高齡者，以立意及滾學球取樣方式調查65歲以上的老人。研究工具包括智慧型手機「使用行為量表」及「日常生活影響量表」，採李克特氏五點量表評定，與「個人背景變項」等編製成預試問卷初稿，其內容效度經五位學者專家審核修訂成預試問卷。共發出預試樣本數40份(臺北及上海各20份)，有效回收率100%。經統計分析Cronbach'α係數為.755，顯示預試問卷信、效度良好。故量表題項均保留。隨即發放正式樣本數為420份，有效問卷共計400份(臺北及上海各200份)，有效回收率93%。結果以SPSS20.0統計套裝軟體，次數分配百分比、平均數、標準差、獨立樣本T檢定、單因子變異數分析(若具顯著差異時進行Scheffe's事後檢定)、皮爾森積差相關、多元逐步迴歸等方法進行資料處理統計分析。
一、研究結果發現:
(一)兩岸高齡者智慧型手機使用行為與日常生活影響;其中以「人際溝通」與「人際關係」層面為最高。
(二)兩岸高齡者智慧型手機使用行為與日常生活影響各層面中皆顯示出其差異。
(三)高齡者智慧型手機使用行為與日常生活影響成顯著正相關，越樂於學習操作，日常生活影響程度也越高;健康狀況及生活品質例外。
二、依研究結果建議如下:
(一)對兩岸高齡者:研究顯示在人際溝通及關係上，高齡者依賴智慧型手機 甚多，使用時間也偏高(4-7小時)，建議以健康安全為考量降低至2-4小時較為恰當。
(二)對手機業者:針對高齡者的愛好及興趣來設計更符合貼近其需求之智慧型手機。
(三)對政府:建議政府在針對銀髮族的「智慧老化」部分,增加智慧型手機功能的使用;強化智慧型手機功能與健康資訊的連結;提供社區老人應用智慧型手機促進健康。最後,若能多加強社區樂齡機構,教導使用智慧型手機連結健康資訊,更可與醫院結盟,加入Line/Wechat群組,施行簡易衛教,提供銀髮族跟上科技腳步,在政府安全與健康的把關下營造更多老人幸福。
This study is aimed at heightening the differences in the use of smartphones by the elderly from both sides of the strait with different backgrounds, which in turn affects daily life, and explore the correlation between them. The questionnaire with a Likert five-point scale were sampled from the age of 65 years old elderly people who have the experiences of using the smartphone in Taipei and Shanghai for this study. Cronbach’sαof the pre-tested questionnaires was the constant .755, which confirmed their validity and reliability. The data of 420 samples was investigated and 400 valid questionnaires were analyzed with the statistical software package SPSS for Window 20.0 including the frequencies, percentage, means, standard deviation, independent sample t-test, ANOVA (Scheffe’s post hoc testperformed in cases with significant difference.) Pearson’s product–moment correlation.
The results are as follows:
1. The usage of smartphones and the impact of daily life of the elderly on both sides of the strait; the level of "interpersonal communication" and "interpersonal relationship" is the highest.
2. The smartphone usage behavior and the impact of daily life of the elderly on both sides of the strait show differences in all levels.
3. Elderly people’s smartphone usage behavior and the impact of daily life indicate the positive correlation with theliving quality. The more willing to learn and operate, the higher the impact of daily life. Health status and quality of life are excepting from other level of the impact of daily life.
The suggestions are as follows:
1. For the elderly:
For elderly people on both sides of the strait: Studies have shown that in terms of interpersonal communication and relationships, elderly people rely heavily on smartphones and use time is relatively high (4-7 hours). It is recommended to reduce to 2-4 hours based on health and safety.
2. For the smartphone industry:
Based on the hobbies, interests and the needs of the elderly people to design smartphones.
3. For the government:
It is recommended that the government strengthen the connection between smartphone functions and health information in the "smart aging" part of the elderly people. It is recommended to cooperate with the hospital, join the line/wechat group, implement simple health education, and provide the elderly people to keep pace with technology. Under the providing of safety and healthfrom the government, it can create more happiness in the elderly’s life quality. |
