| 摘要: | 在現代漢語發展的歷程中，出現許多意義未完全虛化、定位性以及高能產性等特徵的「類詞綴」。本研究選取「迷」與「粉」等兩個指人的類詞綴做為研究對象。採用文獻探討法、語料庫研究法、比較分析法等研究方法，探究「迷」與「粉」的詞義演變、搭配組合及文化意義。希望能探尋它們歷時的發展線索，分析比較其異同，最後提出具體的類詞綴「迷」與「粉」教學建議。
研究發現：「迷」字的本義是迷惑義，語義演變至類詞綴「迷」，表示一類人，對某事物產生極大興趣甚至達到忘我的境界，強調對事物的癡迷程度，類詞綴仍帶有本字的意義；「粉」則是來自外來詞fans的翻譯而進入漢語系統的類詞綴，較偏重於對人或事物的熱愛與支持，其詞綴義與「粉」的粉末義完全不同。構詞方面，類詞綴「迷」前面的成分已從單音節向雙音節自由發展，而後起的「粉」，與其搭配的前置成分目前仍以單音節居多，尤其前為人物時，多以該人之姓氏單音與「粉」字搭配。詞性方面，「迷」從原始的動詞性用法，到類詞綴成為名詞性用法；「粉」字則是從名詞轉向動詞的用法。
研究建議：在教學建議方面，由於一般教材常存在類詞綴的訊息標註不足、缺少感情色彩義和文化義的說明等問題，研究者建議教師在中級教材類詞綴「迷」出現時，應特別針對類詞綴的詞義演變加以重點說明，並從感情色彩和文化義層面介紹近代的粉絲文化；同時將教材中未編列的「粉」字之類詞綴用法與「迷」做比較，以活動和學習單的練習方式，強化學習者對近義類詞綴的認識及掌握。
從社會文化角度來看，類詞綴是華人地區常見的語言現象，具有共通性與差異性，這些都是未來值得探究的研究主題。
In the course of development of modern Chinese, there are many "quasi-affixes" which are characterized as being not completely delexical, localized, and highly productive. In this study, two affixes referring to people, "mi" and "fen", were selected as the research topic. Research methods such as literature analysis, corpus research, and comparative analysis were used to explore the evolution, collocation, and cultural significance of the words "mi" and "fen". I hope to explore their development over time, analyze and compare their similarities and differences, and finally put forward specific teaching suggestions for the quasi-affixes "mi" and "fen".
The study found that the original meaning of the word "mi" is confusion, and its semantics have evolved to the quasi-affix "mi", which means that a type of person has a great interest in something and even reaches the state of ecstasy. The emphasis is placed on the degree of obsession with things, so the quasi-affix still carries its original meaning. As for the quasi-affix "fen", it was introduced into the modern Chinese system as the translation of the foreign word “fans”. The focus is on the love and support for people or things; the meaning of the quasi-affix is completely different from "fen"’s original meaning of "powder". In terms of word formation, the components in front of the quasi-affix "mi" have evolved freely from monosyllables to bisyllables, but the the pre-components which combine with "fen"are still mostly monosyllable, especially when the pre-components refer to people; the monosyllabic surname of the person would be combined with "fen". In terms of part-of-speech, "mi" changed from primitive verb usage to quasi-affix as nominal usage; the use of "fen" changed from a noun to a verb.
Research suggestions: In terms of teaching suggestions, due to the problems of insufficient labeling of quasi-affixes and lack of explanations of emotional and cultural meanings in general textbooks, the researcher here suggests that teachers should specifically explain the semantic evolution of quasi-affixes and introduce contemporary fan culture from the emotional and cultural perspectives when the quasi-affix "mi" appears in intermediate textbooks; at the same time, the unlisted quasi-affix usages of "fen" should be compared with "mi". Through practice and activities, learners’ understanding and mastering of synonymous quasi-affixes can be strengthened.
From a socio-cultural point of view, quasi-affixes are a common linguistic phenomenon in Chinese-speaking regions, and they demonstrate commonalities and differences. They remain research topics worth exploring in the future. |
