日本食育政策系統建立、推動與演變

文化大學機構典藏 CCUR > 環境規劃暨生物資源學院 > 農學院 > 生活應用科學系暨生活應用科學研究所 > 博碩士論文 > Item 987654321/48377

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题名:	日本食育政策系統建立、推動與演變 Establishment, Promotion And Evolution Of Japanese Shokuiku Policy System
作者:	呂慧芳
贡献者:	生活應用科學系碩士在職專班
关键词:	日本食育食育基本法食育推進基本計畫食農教育 Japan shokuiku（Food and nutrition education） Basic Act on Shokuiku （Food and Nutrition Education） Basic Plan for the Promotion of Shokuiku Food and Agriculture Education
日期:	2020
上传时间:	2020-08-17 13:47:14 (UTC+8)
摘要:	飲食為生活之日常，這日常卻隨著社會快速變遷，經濟結構的改變而產生變化。近年，國人因飲食習慣改變、肥胖或過度在意瘦身等問題所造成的疾病日益增加。而這樣的問題同樣也發生於號稱清淡飲食的先進國家¬-日本。日本基於國民對於飲食習慣和食品安全的關心及重視，乃提出以改善家庭和學校飲食生活，增進國民健康為目的的《食育基本法》，於平成17（2005）年7月15日公布施行。並了解兒童與青少年的飲食知識與習慣會影響著未來的身心健康，日本將食育作為全民運動在全國推廣普及，甚至將其上升到法律層面。在我國，產官學界及民間均重視「食」的議題，有鑑於日本的成功經驗，我國政府導入日本食育概念，並認為與農業有密不可分的關係，衍生出「食農教育」一詞。對此，農委會及多位立法委員曾提出「食農教育法」草案。由於日本的食育歷經漫長發展過程，累積豐富的經驗。因此，本研究期望對我國開展的食育相關教育有所助益。本研究藉由文獻分析法進行，以《食育基本法》、「食育推進基本計畫」為基礎；同時，由於日本每五年檢視「食育推進基本計畫」的目標，進行調整及修正方向，至今是第3次（2016-2020年）修正的尾聲，也列於文獻範疇。本研究目的為：（一）探討日本《食育基本法》之背景與立法沿革；（二）追蹤日本《食育基本法》之執行狀態；（三）瞭解日本《食育基本法》之政策回饋與方向調整；（四）闡明日本《食育基本法》對臺灣相關政策的啟示。本研究以David Easton的系統理論為基礎說明公共政策的制定過程；並以PDCA循環式品質管理為依據探討「食育推進基本計畫」之修正過程。研究綜合建議：（一）可仿效日本，由中央統籌主導，整合相關法規，可讓法規內容更全面及完善；（二）參與法規制定的專家除產官學界外，亦需擴及相關領域如：教育、營養、醫學、牙醫、農協、農經、學生家長等；（三）法規執行面需設定目標並定期檢視，因應社會發展變遷而修正執行方向；（四）立法的美意需傳遞至社會，讓民眾理解且願意執行，才能創造健康的社會。 Everyone eats every day of their lives. But dietary lives change due to the rapid changes in society and in the economic structure. In recent years, the number of diseases caused by changes in dietary habits, obesity, or over-concern about weight loss has been increasing. And the situation also occurs in Japan, an advanced country known as light eating. Based on the Japanese citizens concern and attach the importance to eating habits and food safety, on 15th July, Heisei 17(2005), Japan government proposed the “Basic Act on Shokuiku (Food and Nutrition Education)” aimed at improving the diet of families and schools and promoting national health. Also, understanding dietary knowledge and habits affect the future physical and mental health of the children and adolescents, Japan government promoted Shokuiku as a national campaign and even raised it to the legal level. In Taiwan, all of the government, industry and academic attach great importance to the topic of “food”. In view of Japan’s successful experience, Taiwanese government has introduced the concept of Japanese food and nutrient education and believed that it is closely related to agriculture, therefore, the term of “food and agriculture education” was derived. In this regard, the Agriculture Commission and a number of legislators have proposed a draft law on “food and agriculture education”. Due to the long development and experience accumulation in Japan, this study expected to be helpful to the education related to food and nutrient education in Taiwan. This study is based on “Basic Act on Shokuiku (Food and Nutrition education)” and “Basic Plan for the Promotion of Shokuiku”, and using document analysis. Since Japan aims to review “Basic Plan for the Promotion of Shokuiku” every five years, and make adjustments and corrections. It is the third ending to date (2016-2020). The purpose of this study are: (i) to explore the background and legislative evolution of Japan’s “Basic Art on Shokuiku”; (ii) to track the implementation status of Japan’s “Basic Art on Shokuiku”; (iii) to understand the policy feedback and adjustment of Japan’s ”Basic Art on Shokuiku”; (iv) to clarify the Japan’s “Basic Art on Shokuiku” on enlightenment of Taiwan’s relevant policies. This study based on David Easton’e system theory, explains the development of public policy processes, and explores the revision process of the “Basic Plan for the Promotion of Shokuiku” based on PDCA, iterative four-step management. Comprehensive research recommendations: (i) imitate Japan, lead by the central government, integrate relevant regulations, and make the regulations more comprehensive and complete; (ii) the experts involved in the regulations, in addition to the government, industry and academic, but also need to expand and related fields such as education, nutrition, medicine, dentist, agricultural associations, agricultural economic, parents, etc.; (iii) law enforcement needs to set goals and regularly review, revise the enforcement of regulation in response to social development changes; (iv) the goodwill of legislation need to be passed on the society, so that the people can understand and are willing to implement it in order to create a healthy society.
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