環境管制架構之研究—以環境刑事管制為中心

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Title:	環境管制架構之研究—以環境刑事管制為中心 A Study on the Environmental Regulatory Framework- Focusing on Criminal Penalties
Authors:	張宜鈞
Contributors:	法律學系
Keywords:	風險刑法環境管制環境刑法刑法第190條之1
Date:	2020
Issue Date:	2020-08-13 15:23:10 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	當科技發展，富足了當代社會，所伴隨而來的是，對於危險的概念有著別於過往之理解，甚至使危險與風險之區隔日漸消彌。本文以風險社會為觀察，藉由風險社會之現狀與特性凸顯現代刑法之轉變，試圖描述風險刑法之背景與特徵，並提出批判。而當為呼應風險為社會所帶來的不安定感，刑法事立法模式亦有些改變，而在這改變過程中，法益內涵之與抽象化、普遍化，使得抽象危險犯之適當性遭受批評。而大量的抽象危險犯之立法型態作為風險控制手段也勢必將刑法最後手段性之特質淡薄化。以環境污染風險為例，我國於2018年將刑法第190條之1修法刪除「致生公共危險」之要件，朝向抽象危險犯的立法模式，其如實地反映出刑法對於風險社會之配合。因此，本文以環境管制的架構出發，介紹多元化之管制架構，並以環境刑事制裁為例，探究對於環境保護，刑法應當扮演何種角色。是以，即便刑事制裁得以作為風險抗制之工具，但仍須回歸刑法應有之原則予以適當地調整，而非順應風險社會之要求，模糊刑事不法與行政不法之界限。此外，本文以限定思考為方向，嘗試論證刑法於環境管制中之侷限性。並針對刑法第190條之1構成要件為簡易之審視，並希冀在自身的法體系中找尋適切的且合乎於當代社會對於環境污染之立法模式。 When technology develops and enriches contemporary society, it is accompanied by a different understanding of the concept of danger, and even makes the distinction between danger and risk gradually disappear. This article takes the risk society as an observation, highlights the transformation of modern criminal law through the status quo and characteristics of the risk society, attempts to describe the background and characteristics of the risk criminal law, and proposes criticism. In response to the sense of instability brought about by risks to society, the legislative model of criminal law has also undergone some changes. During this change, the connotation of legal benefits and the abstraction and universalization have made the appropriateness of abstract dangerous crimes criticized. And a large number of abstract dangerous criminals' legislative forms as risk control means will inevitably weaken the final means of criminal law. Taking the risk of environmental pollution as an example, in 2018, Amended Article 190-1 of the Criminal Law to remove the element of "generating public hazards", toward an abstract dangerous criminal legislation model, which faithfully reflects the cooperation of criminal law with risk society. Therefore, this article starts with the structure of environmental control, introduces a diversified control structure, and takes environmental criminal sanctions as examples to explore what role the criminal law should play for environmental protection. Therefore, even if criminal sanctions can be used as a tool for risk resistance, they still need to return to the principles of criminal law and make appropriate adjustments, instead of complying with the requirements of a risk society and blurring the boundaries between criminal and administrative lawlessness. In addition, this article attempts to demonstrate the limitation of criminal law in environmental regulation with the direction of limited thinking. And it is a simple review of the constituent elements of Article 190-1 of the Criminal Law, and hopes to find a suitable legislative model for environmental pollution in contemporary society in its own legal system.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Law & Graduate Institute of Law ] thesis

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