| 摘要: | 都市發展影響植物分布，影響植物多樣性的原因分為自然及人為，在人為方面，土地利用類型與人的社會經濟條件會影響植物多樣性。過去研究表明，城市的人口密度最高，城市土地利用強度最高，這可能是植物物種多樣性相對較低的原因，城市土地使用類型的不同，意味著可種植的地點，環境綠美化目標以及決策人員的類型存在差異，這些區別或許會導致不同土地用途的不同樹種結構:住宅、空地、商業和公園用地，這些是土地數量最多的最常見土地用途，只有住宅用地物種多樣性超出其他土地利用類型。社會經濟條件方面，大多探討私人住宅的研究，發現社會經濟地位高支持了更大的植被覆蓋和享受豐富的植物組合：私人住宅的家庭花園與住民的社會經濟條件有正相關，越有錢花園植栽多樣性越高。惟目前文獻回顧中關於土地利用與人的社會經濟條件的研究以私人住宅為主，因此本研究目的在探討都市公園植物多樣性與公園周邊土地利用及社經因子的關係及台北市多核心土地利用強度下都市公園植物多樣性分布與單核心現象是否類似
本研究以臺北市為研究範圍，依公園所在之行政區分為8個區位及公園大小透過分層隨機取樣之方法，選出78個樣本公園進行調查。植物調查部分，採用四層植被結構（1m以下、1~3m、3m以上及附生植物）及物種豐富度依據栽植特性分類(自然生長、人工種植及自然生長或人工種植皆有可能植物)進行所有物種之調查，並以物種豐富度數作為公園植栽多樣性的代表。土地利用及社經因子空間資料部分，利用GIS套疊2009年台北市數值地形圖之樓地板與內政部國土測繪中心國土利用現況調查資料，由公園範圍向外100m、250m、500m、1000m四個評估範圍內利用分區比重圖(Dasymetric mapping)的方法，計算以里為單位的土地利用及社經因子資料平均分配在該里的住宅樓地板面積中，進行社會經濟數據計算。再將所有自變數與依變數進行Pearson相關分析以及複回歸分析(逐步回歸)。
本研究為初探，旨在僅突出最重要的結果，分析結果表明，公園周邊100m內文化設施土地利用類型增加，公園內植物物種總豐富度及1~3m、3m以上植物物種豐富度增加；公園周邊100m內文化設施土地利用類型增加，1m以下植物物種豐富度減少；惟公園內附生植物物種豐富度受公園周邊1000m內天然林土地利用類型影響；公園內1~3m、3m以上植物物種豐富度受公園周邊100m文化設施樓地板面積影響，可以看出土地利用強度影響的出現；公園周邊100m建築占地面積增加，公園內3m以上植物物種豐富度減少，更顯現出土地利用強度的影響。
將公園內植物物種總豐富度及四層植被結構（1m以下、1~3m、3m以上及附生植物）植物物種豐富度分為自然生長植物、人工種植植物、自然生長或人工種植皆可能植物，結果表示，公園內植物物種豐富度除了受到公園周邊土地利用類型影響外，也受到公園周邊土地利用強度及居民社經條件影響，而只有公園周邊100m內土地利用強度增加，公園內3m以上人工種植植物物種豐富度增加；公園周邊250m內土地利用強度增加，公園內自然生長附生植物物種豐富度增加；公園周邊100m內土地利用強度增加，公園內自然生長附生植物物種豐富度減少；公園周邊250m內土地利用強度增加，公園內人工種植附生植物物種豐富度減少。
Urban development affects plant distribution in a two-fold way, naturally and artificially. Artificially, different types of land use and human socioeconomic conditions affects the diversity of plants. Past studies have shown that human population in urban areas are the densest, and the level of land usage is also the highest. This could be the reason for relatively low plant diversity. Different usage of urban lands means there are differences in locations where plants can be planted, differences in environmental landscaping goals, as well as different decision makers. All these differences may lead to different tree species structures in different land uses: residential, vacant, commercial and park lands are among the most common land uses, and residential-use lands exceeds the other land uses in terms of plant diversity. In terms of socioeconomic conditions, most studies which explored private residencies have discovered that a higher socioeconomical status supports a larger vegetation cover and enjoyment of rich plant combinations. There is a positive correlation between home gardens in private residencies and the socioeconomical status of the residents—the richer one is, the more diversity of plants within his/her garden. However, current literature regarding land use and human socioeconomic conditions focuses more on private residencies. Thus, this research aims to discuss the relationship between plant diversity of parks in urban areas and surrounding man-made environmental factors, and whether it is similar to the distribution of plant diversity and the single core phenomenon in urban parks under the multi-core land use intensity in Taipei City.
This research takes Taipei City as research scope, and divides it into 8 locations according to the administrative division where the park is located, and 78 sample parks are selected for investigation through according to size through stratified random sampling method. In the plant survey section, this research will adopt a four-layer vegetation structure (below 1m, 1-3m, over 3m, and epiphytes), and hierarchical classification (naturally grown, human planted, and plants which may be either naturally grown or human planted) to investigate all species, and take species richness as the representative of plant diversity in a park. In the Man-made environmental space data section, this research will use the GIS telescope 2009 Taipei topographic map floor and the survey data of the land use status of the MOI (Ministry of the Interior) National Land Surveying and Mapping Center. Using the method of Dasymetric mapping in the four evaluation ranges of 100m, 250m, 500m and 1000m outward from the park to calculate man-made environmental data in units of villages evenly distributed in the floor area of residential buildings in that area, and conduct socioeconomic data calculations. Then carry out Pearson correlation analysis and complex regression analysis on all independent variables and dependent variables (Gradually returning to stepwise regression analysis).
The preliminary analysis results of this study show that the land use type of cultural facilities within 100m around the park increases, and the total plant species richness in the park and the plant species richness above 1-3m and 3m increase; the land use type of cultural facilities within 100m around the park increases, and the plant species richness below 1m decreases; however, the species richness of epiphytes in the park is affected by the land use type of natural forest within 1000m around the park; the plant species richness of 1~3m and more than 3m in the park is affected by the floor area of 100m cultural facilities around the park, which can be seen as the impact of land use intensity; the area of buildings around 100m around the park increases, and the plant species richness of more than 3m in the park the reduction shows the impact of land use intensity.
The total plant species richness in the park and the four-layer vegetation structure (below 1m, 1~3m, above 3m and epiphytes) plant species richness is divided into natural growing plants, artificial planting plants, natural growth or artificial planting are possible plants ,it results show that the plant species richness in the park is not only affected by the land use types around the park, but also by the land use intensity around the park and the residents’ social and economic conditions. However, only the land use intensity within 100 meters around the park increases, and the artificial planting above 3 meters in the park Increased plant species richness; increased land use intensity within 250m around the park and increased species richness of naturally growing epiphytic plants within the park; increased land use intensity within 100m around the park and reduced species richness of naturally growing epiphytic plants within the park; surrounding parks the land use intensity increased within 250m, and the species richness of artificially grown epiphytic plants in the park decreased. |
