自二十一世紀以來,在全球範圍內,基因改造技術和基因改造食品就一直備受爭議。這場爭議與消費者、生物技術公司、政府管理者、非政府組織和科學家密切相關。而這爭議的本質便是科學性無法確定所致,另一角度而言,即是科學技術(在本研究中指基因改造技術)的普及效果。而傳播媒介作為公眾認知最新科學技術的主要管道之一,在傳播過程中用什麼樣的話語、什麼樣的報導框架、什麼樣的立場,都能直接影響公眾對於新興技術及其應用的理解和接受程度。因此,瞭解媒體如何再現及建構基因改造食品,成為重要的研究課題之一。
本研究以《人民日報》、《南方都市報》、《中國科學報》和《自由時報》、《蘋果日報》、《聯合報》、《中國時報》為樣本,對中國大陸與臺灣媒體就基改議題的報道進行語料庫分析,以此探究媒體對基改議題的呈現差異。結果發現,中國大陸媒體報導基改議題時角度單一,且多以報導至上而下的宣導為主,臺灣媒體報導中的消息來源則更多元。其中,兩岸媒體都對基改標示問題關注強烈,對未明確標識的行為皆表示不滿,且以「誇張」或「貶低與自己不同觀念者」的方式進行論述。除此之外,研究表明,中國大陸在談論基改議題時,相比臺灣,更注重生產消費端的討論。總的來說,相比臺灣,中國大陸對基改食品與基改技術的開放程度高於臺灣。
This study analyzes the differences of media representation in the genetically modified technology and genetically modified food between Taiwan and mainland China.
The researcher constructed a Genetic Food Corpus as an empirical data which comprises with 620 news reports from four Taiwanese newspapers and three Chinese newspapers, including the Liberty Times News, Apple Daily, the United Daily News, China Times, People's Daily, China Science Daily, and Southern Metropolis Daily.
After analyzing the Genetic Food Corpus by utilizing frequency list, keyness keyword, and collocation, the results suggests that Chinese media’s reports about the genetical modification were from single angel, especially were propagandas from top to bottoms. In the contrast, Taiwanese media’s resources were more multiple. However, both two sides strongly concerned about the labels of genetically modified food, both show unsatisfied to the genetically modified food without clear labels which expressed in exaggerative and belittled the people who have different thoughts. Besides that, compare to the counterpart Chinese media were more focus on the discussion on producing and consuming when talked about the topic of genetical modification. Overall, Chinese media have higher willingness to discuss about the topic of genetically modified food and genetical modification skills than Taiwanese media.