笙是中國傳統的簧管樂器,通過簧片震動發音,是唯一能夠演奏和聲的簧管樂器,過去的笙在演奏上因為音域的限制,一般只用在合奏或伴奏,很少運用在獨奏上,在音域不足的情況下,通常借音吹奏。但現今,在不斷的改良下,笙已經從十幾笙苗組成的笙發展到現在常使用的二十四簧笙、二十六簧笙和少數民族樂器蘆笙、葫蘆笙,解決了笙的音域不足、缺音問題,以及為了配合國樂團開始交響化後也改良出三十六簧高音鍵笙、中音笙、低音笙等等。
近年來,隨著笙逐漸改良下,笙協奏曲的作品也逐漸增加,有經典的《鳳凰展翅》、《晉調》、《冬獵》、《虹》、《薩滿天神之舞》、《微山湖船歌》等等膾炙人口的作品,其中以關於笙協奏曲的研究探討也越來越多。作曲家張曉峰先生取材於中國雲南白族的民間傳說與音樂素材,並在1983年創作出協奏曲《望夫雲的傳說》。
本文以張曉峰先生所創作的協奏曲《望夫雲的傳說》作為研究探討對象,此次探討的演奏版本為笙演奏家翁鎮發先生二次創作版本,全曲以三十七簧笙演奏,筆者與指導教授共同討論後決定保留原作曲家版本中的蘆笙演奏樂段,展現笙的不同形制與音響特色,全曲使用三十七簧笙與蘆笙演奏。本文經由筆者資料搜集整理與演奏詮釋分析,加以說明。
The sheng is a family of reed based Chinese traditional instruments. The only polyphonic woodwind instrument, the sheng hails as the earliest free reed instrument in documented history.
Traditionally, due to the nature of its musical range, the sheng has primarily been an accompaniment instrument, and often requires playing with other notes. In modern times, technological developments of the sheng have solved the range issue traditional seventeen pipe shengs encountered. The introduction of twenty four, twenty six piped shengs in addition to aboriginal instruments lusheng、hulusheng overcame the range limitation and the introduction of traditional Chinese symphonies led to the development of 36 piped soprano, alto and bass shengs amongst other ranges.
Accompanying the development of the sheng, recent years have seen an increase in pieces developed for the sheng and the subsequent studies of such pieces. Classic pieces include “Pheonix Soaring”, “Jin Tune”, “Winter Hunting”, “Rainbow”, “Dance of the Shaman God”, “Wei Shan Lake Chanty” and other popular compositions. Taking inspiration from legends and music of the Bai people of Yunan, China, composer Chang, Xiao-Feng composed the iconic “The Legend of Wang Fu Yun” in 1983.