| 摘要: | 老齡化問題一直是全球討論的重要議題，「老」是人類無法逃避的自然現象，大家都必須面對的，而生老病死是自然的循環，無人可以逃避。台灣在面對少子化 及高齡化雙重嚴峻的考驗下，經濟結構及發展已面臨重大影響，政府如何運用及有效利用中高年齡以上的勞動力，如何保障高齡者有平等的友善職場、有健全的退休制度，及禁止年齡歧視的社會環境，對促進高齡者再就業以增加勞動力，絕對是一個非常重要的研究課題，亦是本研究的核心目的。
本研究共分五章論述。第一章為緒論，闡明本研究背景與動機、目的與架構、研究方法與限制。第二章文獻探討，共分為三部分，進行蒐集資料，包括世界組織、勞工組織、及國內外對中高齡者與高齡探討之專書、報告及文章報導等資料，並區分為就業平等與年齡歧視、高齡勞工就業 政策等之相關研究。第三章依據各國高齡者立法及就業政策、國際組織對高齡化的重視與權益保障，西北歐國家 英國、德國、瑞典 )及東亞國家 日本、南韓、新加坡 立法及就業政策等資料進行分析，並與台灣之法律與政策進行分析比較及探討。第四章探討中高齡者就業歧視之現況及解決策略，最後第五章則為本研究的結論與建議。
從研究中發現，在推動相關「中高齡與高齡者再就業」的政策中，東亞國家實施的保障勞動法令及政策中，諸如實施國民年金制度改革；鼓勵公、私立法人機構進用中高齡者、延後退休與增訂僱用安定法、定額僱用率制度等政策，確實可 以有效解決部分勞動力的短缺，也值得我國政府未來在執行及修法上作為借鏡，使政策朝向更健全之方向邁進。
The aging problem of the global population is currently a major issue in the discussion of the global population. "Old" is a natural phenomenon that humans cannot escape. Birth, death, old age, sickness and death are the cycles of nature, and no one can escape. Taiwan is currently facing the severe test of declining birthrate and rapid ageing of the population, the economic structure and development trend are facing major impacts as well. Enabling and making good use of the middle-aged and older labor power will be a necessary issue in the future. Therefore, the government has to ensure that the elderly have equal job opportunity, friendly workplace, and reasonable retirement system. This study will focus on the social policies, such as how to decrease the age discrimination, and how to promote the re-employment of the elderly to increase the labor force.
This study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter clarifies the study background and motivation, study purpose and structure, research methods and limitations of this research. The second chapter of the literature discussion is divided into three sections, including employment equality, age discrimination and employment policies for elder workers. The third chapter compares the legislation and employment policies of the elderly in various countries, including the Northwestern European countries (UK, Germany, Sweden), East Asian countries (Japan, South Korea, Singapore), and Taiwan. The fourth chapter discusses the current situation and solution strategies of middle-aged and elderly people's employment discrimination.The last chapter is the conclusion and recommendations on future studies.
From the research, it is found that in the promotion of the relevant policies in the following encourage public and private sectors to use middle-aged and elderly people. The policies are "middle-aged and elderly re-employment" policies, the labor protection laws, and the policies implemented in East Asian countries, which is the implementation of national Labor Pension Act reform. In the research, it shows that the policies postponed retirement, the addition of employment security laws, and fixed-employment rate systems can indeed effectively solve the shortage of labor power. These findings worth our government to take a look into the future implementation and amendment of laws. |
