| 摘要: | 旅行者的人格特質會影響旅行的型態，且人格特質亦會影響自我實現的程度，為更深入瞭解海外自助旅行者的人格特質與自我實現之關係，故本研究旨在瞭解海外自助旅行者人格特質與自我實現之現況，分析不同個人背景變項的海外自助旅行者在人格特質與自我實現之差異，及探討海外自助旅行者人格特質和自我實現之相關性及解釋力。
本研究以臺灣地區20歲至64歲曾有海外自助旅行經驗者為研究對象，採問卷調查法，以「立意取樣法」共取得有效樣本409份，有效回收率為95.1%。研究工具包括：個人背景因素調查表、人格特質量表、自我實現量表。統計方法包括：描述性統計、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、LSD事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關、以及多元迴歸。
本研究發現：一、人格特質僅「神經質」顯著低於理論中點，其他層面皆顯著高於理論中點。二、海外自助旅行者的「自我實現」為中上程度。三、海外自助旅行者的「平均旅伴人數」在自我實現上達顯著差異，無旅伴及旅伴5人(含)以上的自我實現程度較高。四、「遊/留學經驗」在自我實現上達顯著差異，有遊/留學經驗的自我實現程度較高。五、「海外自助旅行總次數」在自我實現上達顯著差異，旅行次數越多的自我實現程度越高。六、「海外自助旅行最長天數」在自我實現上達顯著差異，旅行天數越長的自我實現程度越高。七、海外自助旅行者的「人格特質」與「自我實現」有顯著相關。八、根據迴歸分析之結果，女性的自我實現程度高於男性；年齡越大的自我實現程度越高；「神經質」傾向越低者，自我實現程度越高；「外向性」、「親和性」、「嚴謹自律性」和「經驗開放性」特質傾向越高，其自我實現程度越高；以上七個因素對海外自助旅行者之自我實現達78%之顯著解釋力。
綜合上述，海外自助旅行者的人格特質與自我實現具有相關性。根據本研究之發現，建議男性自助旅行者可嘗試獨自的深度探索之旅，從中認識自我、發掘潛能；年輕旅行者可在旅行中學習釋放壓力與增進自信；神經質傾向高的旅行者可藉由旅行的體驗改變自己。隨著年齡的增長，旅行經驗的累積，有助於達到自我實現。
Travelers choose different travel styles because of their different personality traits. Also, personality traits affect the degree of self-actualization. In order to better understand the relationship between personality traits and self-actualization, this study analyzed the differences and correlations between personality traits and self-actualization among overseas independent travelers with different personal backgrounds.
This study selected subjects with experience of independent traveling overseas from age 20 to 64, and adopted a survey method and used a purposive sampling method. A total of 409 independent travelers participated in this study. The effective response rate was 95.1%. Data was collected from three sources: personal background questionnaires, personality traits scale, and self-actualization scale. The data were analyzed by statistical methods including descriptive statistics, one-sample t-test, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s method, LSD method, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis.
The research results are as follows: 1. Only the mean score of “Neuroticism” in personality traits is lower than the theoretical midpoint, four traits are not. 2. The self-actualization of overseas independent travelers tends to be good. 3. The average number of traveling companions shows a significant difference in the degree of self-actualization. Solo travelers and travelers with five or more companions have a higher degree of self-actualization. 4. The experience of studying abroad presents a noticeable difference in the degree of self-actualization. Overseas independent travelers with experience of studying abroad revealed a higher degree of self-actualization. 5. The frequency of overseas independent traveling has a noticeable difference in the degree of self-actualization; that is, those travelers who have more traveling experience have a higher degree of self-actualization. 6. The longest days of overseas independent traveling shows a significant difference in the degree of self-actualization. Those who had traveled for longer days have a higher degree of self-actualization. 7. There is a significant correlation between personality traits and self-actualization. 8. Female subjects have a higher degree of self-actualization than male subjects do. Moreover, the degree of self-actualization is higher in elder subjects; both subjects who have a lower degree in “Neuroticism,” and those who have a higher degree in “Extraversion,” “Agreeableness,” “Conscientiousness,” and “Openness to Experience,” have a higher degree of self-actualization. The 7 factors above have a predictive power of 78% on the self-actualization of the overseas independent travelers.
Based on the research findings, the researcher provides evidence as follows:
1.Male travelers can try in-depth tourism independently to realize themselves and discover their potential.
2.Young travelers can release stress and increase self-confidence during the trips.
3.Travelers with high neuroticism can change themselves during their trips. Also, when they become older and gain more traveling experience, they have a higher degree of self-actualization. |
