| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解臺北地區樂齡學習者之「人際關係」與「生活品質」之現況，並探討不同「個人背景變項」之臺北地區樂齡學習者在「人際闗係」與「生活品質」上的差異情形，進而探討臺北地區樂齡學習者「人際關係」與「生活品質」之相關性。另外，更進一步瞭解「個人背景變項」及「人際關係」對臺北地區樂齡者「生活品質」的預測力。
本研究採「立意抽樣」的方式進行取樣，選取臺北地區(臺北市、新北市）55(含)歲以上樂齡學習者為研究對象，正式施測樣本為315份，扣除填答不完整無效問卷後，實得有效樣本為300份，有效問巻回收率95.2％。研究工具包括：「個人背景資料調查表」、「人際關係量表」及「生活品質量表」。施測所得資料以SPSS for Windows 22.0進行分析，分別採用︰敍述統計、卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關性分析、多元迴歸分析。本研究之主要結果如下：
一、臺北地區樂齡學習者之「人際關係」傾向於中等偏高程度。其中以「社交技巧與溝通方式」構面之「人際關係」最高；而在「情感表達與親密需求」構面之「人際關係」最低。
二、臺北地區樂齡學習者之「生活品質」傾向於中等偏高程度。其中以「環境互動」構面之「生活品質」最高；而在「生理健康」構面之「生活品質」最低。
三、臺北地區樂齡學習者之「人際關係」會因「性別」、「教育程度」、「經濟壓力感受」、「健康狀況」的不同而有顯著差異。
四、臺北地區樂齡學習者之「生活品質」會因「教育程度」、「居住狀況」、「經濟壓力感受」、「健康狀況」的不同而有顯著差異。
五、臺北地區樂齡學習者之「人際關係」及「生活品質」間呈現顯著的正相關。
六、臺北地區樂齡學習者之「個人背景因素」及「人際關係」對「生活品質」的預測力為71％。
依據本研究之結論，建議臺北地區樂齡學習者能多參加學習活動，認識新朋友，享受學習樂趣，追求個人的目標，展現活躍老化的特質。同時在學習活動的過程中，有助於同儕之間的人際互動，可以透過彼此之間相互影響繼而得以交換生活經驗。對於樂齡學習者的人際關係與生活品質於晚年生活具有極大意義。
另外，建議政府機構能重視樂齡學習課程，多鼓勵中高齡者參與樂齡學習，提升樂齡學習者的生活品質。
The purpose of this study is to explore the current status of "interpersonal relationships" and "quality of life" of senior learners in Taipei area, and explore the differences of "interpersonal relationship" and "quality of life" as viewed from various "personal background variables" among senior learners in Taipei area. Furthermore, the study would also investigate the correlation between the "interpersonal relationships" and "quality of life" among senior learner so as to, one step more, learn more about the predictive power of "personal background variables" and "interpersonal relationships" towards the "quality of life" among senior citizens in Taipei.
In this study, the method of "purposive sampling" is employed for sampling. For its subject selection, senior learners aged over 55 (inclusive) years old (Taipei City and New Taipei City) were selected as the research subjects, and 315 copies of samples are formally implemented of testing. After incomplete and invalid questionnaire has been eliminated, a total 300 valid samples were retrieved, with effective recovery rate of questionnaire as 95.2%. As for research tools, they include "personal background information survey," "interpersonal relationship scale," and "quality of life scale." Afterwards, the data obtained from the sampling is analyzed with SPSS for Windows 22.0, using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent sample t-test, single-factor variance analysis, Scheffe Post-hoc comparison, Pearson product correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The main expected results of this study are as follows:
1. The "interpersonal relationships" with senior learners in the Taipei area tend to be moderate to high. Among them, the aspect of "social skills and communication style" within "interpersonal relationships" is reckoned the highest, while the aspect of "emotion expression and intimacy needs" within "interpersonal relationships" is reckoned the lowest.
2. The "quality of life" with senior learners in Taipei area tends to be moderate to high. Among them, the aspect of "environmental interaction" within the "quality of life" is reckoned the highest, while the aspect of "physiological health" within the "quality of life" is reckoned the lowest.
3. The "interpersonal relationship" with senior learners in Taipei area vary significantly in terms of "gender," "education level," "perception of economic stress," and "health status."
4. The "quality of life" with senior learners in Taipei area vary significantly in terms of "education level," "status of residence," "perception of economic stress," and "health status."
5. Significant and positive correlation is found between "interpersonal relationships" and "quality of life" among senior learners in Taipei area.
6. The predictive power from "personal background factor" and "interpersonal relationships" of senior learners in Taipei towards "quality of life" can be as high as 71%.
Based on the conclusions obtained from this study, it is recommended that senior learners in Taipei should participate more in learning activities, meet new friends, enjoy learning, pursue personal goals, and demonstrate the characteristics of active aging. Meanwhile, the process of learning activities can help interpersonal interaction between their peers, and exert impacts on one another so as to exchange life experiences. As such, the learning activity is of great significance to the interpersonal relationships and quality of life among senior learners in their later life.
In addition, it is suggested that government agencies should pay greater attention to the courses of senior learners, encourage middle-aged and senior citizens to participate in senior learning, thus improving the quality of life among senior learners. |
