| 摘要: | 近年全球暖化、極端氣候導致環境氣候變遷劇烈，聯合國永續發展目標為規劃界關注焦點，減少能源消耗與適應環境之建築設計理念已成現今主流，國內亦藉綠建築政策鼓勵建築提高所使用資源效率，以及減低對環境與人體健康之影響。根據相關研究，良好之環境風場由於換氣效果較佳，能減緩區域性之空氣污染問題，並可改善環境熱舒適度。目前已有許多關於都市地區環境風場之相關研究，但對濱海工業區環境之研究則相對較少，而濱海工業區風力強勁，如何維持良好風環境品質更為重要，因此本研究將以濱海工業區之環境風場進行建築配置原則之研究。
本研究理論包含計算流體力學（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）、熱舒適理論、通風效益，與無因次分析。CFD是運用數值方法解出流體力學的控制方程式，並可透過不同的邊界條件，進而預測流場的流動；熱舒適理論為說明人體對於四種物理環境因素（氣溫、輻射溫度、風速、濕度）與兩種人為因素（代謝率、衣服保溫）的熱平衡關係；通風效益探討街谷內與建築室內空氣交換之效益；無因次分析則用來探討物理量之間的關係，運用在探討大氣氣候與微氣候兩者之間的關係。本研究以歸納法分析關於研究主題之相關文獻，再透過實測蒐集基礎數據，以Fluent軟體以數值模擬法分析基地戶外物理環境與計算熱舒適度，並比對驗證實際量測之數據與CFD模擬之數據，驗證CFD模擬數據之可信賴度，進而調整CFD模型不同條件下的變因，並以無因次分析法呈現數據之間關係，再根據分析結果，擬定最佳化風場之建築配置原則。研究結果顯示街谷高寬比(H/W)以0.1為最佳，並不超過0.3為宜，建築配置以單開口配置為最佳，並建議避免採用錯列配置。
Global warming has caused severe world climate variability in recent years. In responding to this, to follow the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and to design architectural project associated with concepts of the energy consumption reduction and environment adaptation, are becoming the focused streams in planning and architect fields. Concurrently in Taiwan, a Green Building promotion program is being used as a major policy to encourage efficient usage of building resource, and to reduce the harmful environmental effects, such as the effect of air pollutant to human health. This kind of regional air pollution problems, as well as some thermal comfort issues, according to several related studies, can be alleviated and improved by air flow exchange of well environmental ventilation. Although certain amount air field studies have been conducted to follow the Green Building policy, they were mainly conducted at urban areas. Studies for coastal industrial district where there usually bears strong monsoon wind are still limited. How to maintain a better quality of air environment in coastal industrial district is an important issue, and this motivates the present study to find principles for industrial district building layout.
Based mainly on the concepts of the “thermal comfort theory,” and “ventilation efficiency,” this study tries to reveal answers for climate and macro-climate interacting problem through two tools. Thermal comfort theory displays the satisfaction of human perception by the four physical factors: air temperature, radiant temperature, wind speed, humidity; and by the two human attached factors: metabolic rate and clothing insulation. Ventilation efficiency, the second concept, is to show the effectives of air flow exchange rate between street canyon and adjoined buildings. About the two tools, they are dimensional-analysis and computational fluid dynamics modelling (CFD). Dimensional analysis is to find dimensionless parameters, for example, the street canyon aspect ratio, such that physical quantities gathered from field measurement and from literature review can be corelated using them. The CFD tool, this study adopts the Fluent package to form a numerical model, with properly introduced flow and boundary conditions, such as building dimension and optimized air field, to represent a physical field. After being verified with measured physical data, this model can be used to simulate scenarios and to examine the thermal comfort indexes generated by these scenarios. From examination of non-dimensional outcomes of these scenarios, the advantage and demerit of industrial district building layout principle can then be evaluated.Through the evaluations, the research results show that 0.1 is the best height-to-width ratio (H/W), and it is not more than 0.3. The best building configuration is single-opening configuration, and it is recommended to avoid staggered configuration. |
