鮑照樂府詩〈擬行路難〉十八首，是鮑照樂府詩中的代表作。這組詩的內容多樣而且複雜，有遊子思婦的哀怨，有壯志未酬的悲嘆，有時運不濟、懷才不遇的愁思，有棄婦的哀悽，有征夫的悲苦，有感嘆人生無常的悲傷，也有直接表現詩人受壓抑的悲憤心情，它述說著很多不同背景的人，生活上和感情上的悲劇，既有詩人自我的寫照和心聲，也有為他人立言的作品。這組詩呈現的樣面雖是悲苦的，寫的是不同人物的悲嘆和哀愁，但這是時代最真實的心聲，詩人悲天憫人的心看到自己的不幸，也看到時代的不幸，真情流露，對酒敘長篇，寫下這千古名作。這組詩有人認為是鮑照年少時向劉義慶毛遂自薦貢詩言志而受到劉義慶的喜愛被擢為國侍郎時所獻的詩；這組詩有人認為是鮑照二十歲時的著作，而且是寫於一時的組詩；這組詩也有人認為非二十歲之作，也非寫於一時。本文藉由「鮑照的家世」、「〈擬行路難〉寫作時間和社會背景」、「〈擬行路難〉十八首詩的特色」和「〈擬行路難〉十八首對後代的影響」四點來討論，又以「賦、比、興的運用手法」、「用字平實，口語化」、「多種不同人物角色」、「主題一致性」四點來探討詩的特色。
The set of the poems “Ni Xing Lu Nan”, including eighteen independent poems, of the poet Bao Zhao were the most representative work of his. In these eighteen poems, the poet expressed deep, diverse and complicated feelings towards one's whole life. He described loneliness of travelers and widows; frustration of failure heroes; depression of unlucky people; gloom of abandoned wives and tortures of warriors. Bao was involved in reflecting each respect of persons with different backgounds. He created the poems not only expressing his own sensation to the world but also showed the miserable destiny of his country. The most outstanding one of the eighteen poems was “the Long narrations to the liquor” which was considered as the most extraordinary piece and would last forever. There was more than one conclusion regarding how Bao created the poem. Some researchers thought this set of poems were composed for Bao's own promotion for a govermmental job. Some said Bao wrote the poems at the age of twenty and they were completed at the same time. However, someone believed Bao finished the set of poems at different ages off and on. The research methods of this paper are based on the following four books about Bao Zhao: “Family of Bao Zhao”, “The composing time and social backgrounds when (Ni Xing Lu Nan) was created”, “Ni Xing Lu Nan: characteristics of the eighteen poems” and “The influence on the future of Ni Xin Lu Nan: eighteen poems”. The following four main topics are discussed in this paper: the skills of writing - metaphor, constrast and outline drawing; plain and oral expression; miscellaneous characters and unanimity in subjects, in order to survey the unique features of this set of poems.
