| 摘要: | 在我國現今的社會及經濟發展情況下，房價高漲已經成為了不可忽視的問題，其中又以台北市及新北市（以下簡稱雙北地區）為最。根據內政部統計，我國2017年第4季全國房價所得比為9.16倍；其中，台北市為14.99倍，新北市為12.71倍，如何落實居住正義、緩解年輕族群購屋壓力是政府施政的重點之一。
地上權住宅由於其相對周邊低價的特性，在此背景之下變成了重要的議題，而地上權住宅周邊不動產市場的變化情形、一般民眾對於地上權住宅的看法，以及實際購買地上權住宅者所考量的原因，及其購買後面臨哪些困難，或是覺得有待改善的地方，值得加以探討，以利政府協助制訂相關配套政策，提升民眾購買地上權住宅的意願，以及居住後的滿意度。
本研究以文獻回顧開始，文獻回顧後針對本次研究之個案調查、問卷調查法及深度訪談內容進行設計，並陳述其選擇原因、執行方式、執行內容及預期成果；而後依此進行探討；個案調查內容包含個案本身條件、周邊500公尺不動產交易行情變化及該行政區近10年之不動產價格變化情形，並配合房仲業者的訪談，問卷調查則包含了受訪者背景調查和地上權相關認知之調查，以及地上權住宅與價值認定等面項，並提供開放式問題，以利受訪者充分表達其意見；最後依此與住戶訪談所了解之購屋者對於地上權住宅的認知與態度進行探討。
對地上權周邊的不動產價格變化情形、一般民眾的看法以及購屋者和周邊居民的想法進行探討後，本研究發現在現今的社會發展下，一般民眾普遍對於地上權住宅接受程度不高，購買地上權住宅者主要考量其低價優勢，且以自住為主。由於獨特的客群，本研究發現地上權住宅並不會對周邊帶來更多的看屋人潮。
由於購買地上權住宅者以自住為主，本研究訪談發現管委會的運作影響其購屋者之滿意程度，因此如何改善並健全管委會的服務水準值得深入探討。此外，每年繳交予政府的地租也是地上權住宅購屋者關切的要素之一，在現行的地租收費標準下，若長期持有地上權住宅，所累積繳交的金額也是一筆不小的開銷，減少了地上權住宅低價的優勢，進而降低了民眾購買地上權住宅的意願，若要提升民眾對於地上權住宅的接受程度，地租的收費標準以及是否降低弱勢族群繳交的金額等相關措施，亦值得後續研究探討。
Under the current social and economic development of our country, the rise of housing prices has become a problem that cannot be ignored. Among them, Taipei and New Taipei City (hereinafter referred to as Shuangbei area) are the most serious. According to the statistics published by the Ministry of the Interior, the national ratio of house price to income in the fourth quarter of 2017 was 9.16 times, of which, Taipei City was 14.99 times and New Taipei City was 12.71 times.
Superficies housing due to their relatively low-price characteristics have become a critical issue in this context. The changes in the real estate market around the superficies housing, the general views on this type of housing, and the reasons for the actual purchase of superficies housing, as well as the difficulties the owners have , or the problems that need to be improved are worthy of being explored. Helps the government to formulate related supporting policies to increase people ’s willingness to purchase superficies housing and satisfaction after living.
This research started with a review of the literature. The content of the case survey includes the conditions of the case itself, changes in real estate transaction prices in the surrounding 500 meters and changes in real estate prices in the administrative region in the past 10 years, The questionnaire survey includes the perceptions of superficies housing, the concepts and values of above-ground rights, the superficies housing consumes’ in-depth interview regarding their perceptions and attitudes were discussed.
This research found the general public does not accept Superficies housing. People who are willing to buy a superficies housing because the low-cost advantages and most buyers are self-occupation. The difference also leads to it will not bring more house-viewing crowds to the surrounding area.
This research also found that the operation of the management committee is a content that is generally considered by superficies housing residents. How to improve the service level of the management committee is worth exploring in order to raise the satisfaction of superficies housing residents. In addition, the collection of land rents is also the main consideration for the residents. Under the current standard of rent fees, long-term ownership of superficies housing will accumulate a significant amount of cost, which will reduce the advantages of low-price. It is necessary to establish a sound system of rent fees for superficies housing to increase the social acceptability, especially for low income, vulnerable groups. |
