| 摘要: | 隨著時代演進，科技帶來便利也讓生活發生極大變化，第三方支付興起並且迅速發展，使得傳統法律無法完全駕馭其發展，衍伸出許多科技與現行法衝突，而且臺灣金融管制嚴格，使得許多創新金融科技礙於被主管機關處罰因此停滯不前，無利於臺灣與世界接軌。
第三方支付是指進行線上代收代付的業者，它們的服務就是收受交易雙方當事人的金錢，再依據指示把錢交給收款人或是代收款人收款，服務模式可以是單純地轉交金錢或是搭配履約保障的模式。根據金融監督管理委員會的規定，第三方支付業者若保管金額少於10億元，公司登記營業項目包括第三方支付服務業，則屬於第三方支付服務，主管機關為經濟部而不受金融監督管理委員會規範。目前，第三方支付在法規上最大的突破就是它可以向銀行直接申請為特約商店，代替客戶收取信用卡款項後，再把錢給客戶真正要付款的商家。
然而，為了取得管制與科技發展的平衡，金融監督管理委員會已開始著手規劃第三方支付等相關金融科技專法，在有效管制的情況下，希望能將金融科技的便利帶給社會大眾，提升經濟流動，帶動消費。惟臺灣在此金融科技相關法律亦參考世界各國，故本論文聚焦研究臺灣前兩大交易夥伴美國與中國之第三方支付之概況，從歷史背景、監理機關、法律管制對象以及相關限制等等，與臺灣目前的監理狀況做比較，最後做出結論以供未來修法參考方向。
Technology brings our life convenience yet also extreme changes as time goes by. Third party payment providers emerge and develop so quickly that traditional laws cannot completely control them. The situation raises many conflicts between technology and current laws. Taiwan’s financial regulations are strict and the development of many innovative FinTech industries had been obstructed because of the penalties imposed by authorities, which is not conducive to Taiwan's integration with the world.
Third party payment providers refer to the providers of online collection and payment services. Their services include collecting money for both transacting parties and remitting the money to the payee or collecting money for them. The service mode could be simply transferring the money or exercising with contract protection. Pursuant to the regulations of the Financial Supervisory Commission, if the third party payment provider holds an amount of less than one billion, and its company registered operating functions including third party payment service, it belongs to third party payment service providers and its authority is the Ministry of Economic Affairs, instead of the Financial Supervisory Commission. Currently, the third party payment provider’s biggest breakthrough in terms of the law is that it can apply to the bank as a special arrangement store, it collects credit card amount for the customers and remits the money to the real payment stores.
However, to acquire the balance between regulations and technology development, the Financial Supervisory Commission has already started to plan FinTech related exclusive laws. Under effective regulations, the Financial Supervisory Commission hopes to bring the convenience of Fintech to society, improve financial flow and drive consumption. Regarding FinTech related laws, this thesis studies related laws of different countries around the world. Therefore, this thesis focuses on researching the third party payment provider overview of the first two transaction partners of Taiwan, United States and China, from an historical background, its supervising agency, law enforcement methods, related restrictions, etc. Also the thesis compares the abovementioned to Taiwan’s current supervisory situation, and finally draws a conclusion for future amendments’ reference. |
