從機器到人:安卓馬丁在<雙百人>中的人生旅程

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题名:	從機器到人:安卓馬丁在<雙百人>中的人生旅程 From Machine to Peron: Andrew Martin's Life Journey in "The Bicentennial Man"
作者:	張筌鈞
贡献者:	英國語文學系
关键词:	艾西莫夫機器人人類人格道德主體道德
日期:	2020
上传时间:	2020-01-06 13:04:32 (UTC+8)
摘要:	隨著科技的進步，人與機器之間的界線變得越來越模糊。許多科學家和思想家一直在努力尋找使人工智慧能對全人類有益的方法。近年來，具有與人互動能力的社交機器人已經出現。美國小說家艾西莫夫將機器人描述為人類的同伴和助手。他設計了基於人類的機器人，並幫機器人設定了安全措施。此安全保障措施就是機器人三大法則。〈雙百人〉故事中闡述了道德問題、法律地位、社會責任和機器人的人格。人類與人的概念經常被混淆。如果某人在生理和心理上都符合資格，那他就是人類。但是要成為人必須具有道德感。人們通常認為〈雙百人〉是討論安卓馬丁從機器人轉變為人類，然後挑戰機器人與人類之間界線的嘗試。實際上，安卓馬丁成為人類的人生旅程也是獲得人格權的旅程。他不僅要在生理上和心理上成為人類，他還希望被社會認可為具有道德的人。 With the advancement of technology, the boundaries between humans and machinery are becoming increasingly blurred. Many scientists and thinkers have been trying hard to come up with ways to make artificial intelligence useful to all humanity. In recent years, the social robots with the ability to interact with humans have emerged. The American novelist Asimov describes robots as human companions and assistants. He designed robots based on humans, and he created the security safeguards for them. This security safeguard is the Three Laws of Robotics. The story “The Bicentennial Man” shows ethical issues, legal status, social responsibilities, and personhood of robots. The concepts of human and person are often confused. If someone is physically and psychologically qualified, he is human. However, he must be ethical to be a person. “The Bicentennial Man” is often thought as discussing Andrew Martin’s attempt to transform from robot to human, and then challenging the boundary between robot and human. In fact, Andrew Martin’s life journey to become human is also a journey to get personhood. He not only wants to become a human being physically and psychologically, but also wants to be recognized as a moral person in the human society.
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