| 摘要: | 倒杖，指立穴放棺。杖，確定穴位的標竿。堪輿家依繩墨，為立穴以定高低、左右、向首、淺深部位的方法。繆希雍《葬經翼‧倒杖總論》：「倒杖者，葬家立穴放棺消息準的之要法也。」倒杖放棺，是堪輿術中之最後關鍵，因縱然龍脈形好勢佳，葬法一誤，則前功盡棄。故徐善繼《地理人子須知》：「故點穴不可有差，尺寸高低、左右深淺、向首，俱要合法，一或少差，遂失生氣，縱是真龍亦為無益。」即指此。本文主要探討唐朝楊筠松所著《葬法倒杖》內容理論。首先，概括鋪陳中國「喪葬」歷史，而喪葬之術自從東晉郭璞著《葬書》以後，才建立其專門之知識體系，並援引《葬書》「氣」之概念，在此概念底下探究出《葬法倒杖》之知識理論，而此知識理論概分為：一、立穴，必須尋得擁有陰陽交感之沖和之氣。二、放棺，必須從四象（脈、息、窟、突）中取得一象後，從該象之四法中取一法，從一法中，取上下左右四氣中之一氣。最後，在這兩個立穴、放棺概念底下，探究出立穴放棺，必須要經過六個有次第的階段，最終才能取得合適之葬穴，以下探討。
Dao-Zhang, Buried the coffin with stand upright in hole. Zhang, the way to find and confirm the location of Bury. The Master of Feng-Shui will use string to stick on ink to measure the buried hole for having the Depth of High and low, Left and Right, Direction of position. Miao Xi Yong《Zang Jing Yi‧Dao Zhang Zong Lun》：「Dao Zhang, is a way to bury and place coffins.」Burial coffin, is the last key-point in Feng-Shui method that because even the location of Long-Mai and the dragon-shape in mountain are perfect, all the efforts could be in vain if put coffin into wrong position. From above theories , Xu-Shan-Ji mentioned in his book of《Dili Ren Zi Xizhi》 say that is very important and vital to find the location by precision measurement, fours right directions, proper deep and shallow, head and feet with upright , all must fit well with exact perfectly. If not, it would be lifeless and deathly as we believed. This article, mainly to discuss the Tang Dynasty Yang Yun-song book《Zang Fa Dao Zhang》theory. Firstly, a summary of all China's 「funeral」history, the method of funeral was recorded from the Dongjin Dynasty Guo Pu《Zang Shu》after the establishment of the theory of expertise, also a reference to 「Qi」theory from《Zang Shu》 book. Based on this theory, to explore the《Zang Fa Dao Zhang》, this theory is divided into two parts: First, to confirm a good burial place, you must find the mutual induction of YIN and YANG after the harmony. Secondly, the burial of the coffin will have to consider by four phenomena (mai, xi, ku, tu) to find one of them. Select one of phenomenon from the separation of four methods, and then from the four methods to seek another one then again from a method to pick off a UP and DOWN , RIGHT and LEFT from complete four Qi of the unique Qi. With all above considerations we realized that in these two essential factors of exploring the burial of the coffin, must requested and go through with six stages for a result of finding a suitable place to bury the coffin. ( to be continued discussion 1as below..). |
