近年相關機構以「火災居室離室避難；非火災居室初期就地避難」避難策略為主，因此人員能否完成離室避難成為初期之關鍵，但目前對離室避難界限時間之估算較不明確。為使評估結果更接近實際狀況，本研究擬建立簡易速查表供相關機構參考，即使為非具防火專業背景之管理者，亦可透過速查表評估離室避難界限時間，以作為消防避難演練之參考，並可依據演練結果調整人力配置、強化空間構造、提升消防設備等改善。另日本運用FIG(Fire Image Game)進行圖上演練的模擬，透過FIG提升人員對建築構造、設備之認識，並可對不同火災情境進行有效率的討論，以提升相關機構的緊急應變能力。因此本研究擬將FIG的流程、方法等彙整為參考準則以提供相關機構參考。研究目的如下：1.依據居室不同空間及設備條件進行分析，提供管理者能找尋符合機構現況的參考數值。2.建立簡易速查表，以提供一般機構管理者可簡便評估避難界限時間。3.運用實際案例進行模擬分析，以確保簡易速查表之合理性。5.研擬FIG參考準則，以提升相關機構的緊急應變能力。6.成果可應用於「住宿式長照服務機構防火及避難安全改善參考手冊」的增修及相關主管機關修訂法規之參考。
The rule of thumb of evacuation strategies for accommodation-based long-term care institutions is performing room evacuation from rooms on fire but taking shelter in places where rooms are not on fire. For room evacuation, whether people can be successfully evacuated from a room that is on fire is critical for the initial stage of evacuation. Currently, the calculation of the time limit of the ignition zone is based on the “key points for the verification of self-protection fire-fighting group response ability,” but there is a lack of definite method for estimating the room evacuation time limit for the minimum unit of evacuation. To provide an assessment result that closely reflects actual fire conditions, this study will develop a simple reference table for accommodation-based long-term care institutions so their managers can quickly determine the time limit for room evacuation even if they have little or no professional fire prevention background. This table will be useful for fire drills, too. When there is a fire, the emergency response actions taken by caregivers play a critical role in determining whether the evacuation will be successful or not. Fire Image Game (FIG), an approach used in Japan, is about performing fire simulation and drills using the building plan to teach caregivers actions to be taken for different scenarios. Incorporating the FIG procedure into the reference table developed here will effectively enhance accommodation-based long-term care institutions’ emergency response capacity.The research objectives are as follows:1. This study will calculate the room evacuation time limit under various conditions so managers of accommodation-based long-term care institutions can determine the most suitable time limit for their institutions.2. This study will set up a simple reference table for institution managers who lack a professional fire prevention background so they can assess the room evacuation time limit easily. This reference table can also be applied to fire drills that aim for adjustments in manpower allocation or to improve the structure and equipment of the institution.3. This study will establish the FIG principles for reference and enhance related institutions’ emergency response capacity.4. The simple reference table and the FIG principles for reference established in this study can be applied to the revision of the Reference Manual for accommodation-type long-term care services in fire safety and evacuation manual and be referred to by competent authorities when amending relevant laws and regulations.
