| 摘要: | 本研究欲透過分析瑞士1990年代以來所得分配不均度由劣於台灣，漸漸轉變於優於台灣，這其間瑞士的「勞動所得分配是否較平均」？若確是如此，那麼政策上對台灣有何啟示。研究發想乃綜合下列三項資料：筆者往年的跨國世代所得變化、跨國多世代家庭變遷研究所發現的台灣青年經濟困境；遠見雜誌20年前、後對於瑞士的報導內容有很大的反差所透露出的訊息；李家同教授近年頻頻倡儀台灣可學習瑞士重視製造業基礎技術，才能製造更多高附加價值的產品以打破低薪困境。若能進一步確認瑞士所得分配比台灣平均的背後主因是「勞動所得分配較平均」，將能支持李家同教授學習瑞士之倡議。依LIS的所得分類，家戶總所得包括勞動所得、移轉所得、資本所得等三類，欲分析兩國勞動所得的分配差異，就需申請使用LIS家戶所得資料庫更深入的分析。因此，本研究將透過以下分析面向釐清兩國勞動所得分配的差異：1.瑞士與台灣的家戶戶長職業別、戶長年齡別的勞動所得五分位組成。2.瑞士與台灣產業別（農業、工業、服務業）的家戶戶長勞動所得水準差異。3.利用MLD不均度分解（mean logarithmic deviation）分析農業別戶長、工業別戶長、服務業別戶長的勞動所得分佈對全體戶長勞動所得不均度的影響。
This study analyzed the income distribution in Switzerland, which has changed from higher inequality to lower inequality since 1990s in comparison to that in Taiwan. An investigation of the status of labor income distribution can be a reference for Taiwan’s relevant policies.This study integrated the following three types of data: Taiwanese young people’s economic difficulties identified in our previous studies on cross-country income changes among cohorts and on changes of cross-country multigenerational households; a large difference between the report by the Global Views Monthly 20 years ago and that by the magazine lately regarding the income distribution in Switzerland; and Professor Chia-Tung Lee’s advocacy that Taiwan should learn from Switzerland to emphasize the fundamental techniques in the manufacturing industry, thereby producing products with higher added value to break the low-wage predicament. If we can confirm that the primary cause for more equal income distribution in Switzerland than in Taiwan is the higher level of equality of labor income distribution, Professor Lee’s advocacy can be supported. According to the income categories determined by the LIS Cross-National Data Center, the total household income comprises labor income, transfer income, and capital income. The Luxembourg Income Study Database must be used to deeply analyze the difference between Switzerland and Taiwan regarding labor income distribution. Accordingly, this study conducted the analysis by examining the following three aspects: (a) labor incomes divided into quintiles according to occupation and age of household heads in Switzerland and Taiwan, (b) difference of labor income of household heads between different industries (agricultural, industrial, and service sectors) in Switzerland and Taiwan, and (c) the influence of labor income distribution among household heads in agricultural, industrial, and service sectors on the overall labor income inequality of household heads, which was analyzed by using the mean logarithmic deviation. |
