精神障礙是檢驗有無罪責重要因素之一，遺傳或腦部疾病造成行為人無責任能力時，病理科學證據應可作為法官援引裁量罪刑的因素之一，在免罰或減輕其刑之間，監護處分後之效果，應是保護法益，維護公眾安全為最終的目的，遂此，本文從病理科學的方向驗證責任能力可能樣態，探討裁罰處分效果，嘗試在病理醫學的架構下，建構具科學性的理論。當行為人明知行為不法，卻在行為時控制不了行為，而為之時，其無法控制之行為係因腦部退化或與己身基因互有關聯，欠缺責任能力落入「正當化事由」。當被告不法行為，確因精神障礙，其量刑度導入刑法第19條之變數，對有再犯或危害公共安全之虞者可依87條實施監護處分，以阻斷犯罪行為人之危險性，藉以保障公共安全，精神障礙者之量刑、監護處分期間應導入醫療專業建議，以醫療矯治系統持續關注治療，降低行為人再犯機率，終以其回歸社會生活為目的。
Mental disorder is one of the important factors in examining whether the person charged with a criminal offense should be responsible for the crime or not. When the genetic or brain disease causes the incapacity of the perpetrator, the physiological scientific evidence related to the disease can be used as a reference for the judge in invoking the penalty. Between the ends of exemption from and reduction of the penalty, the purpose of custody should be to protect the legal rights and the well-being of the general public. Hence, this study aims to test different patterns of criminal responsibility from the perspective of physiological science, at the same time exploring the effectiveness of custody disposition. The author intends to construct a set of scientific theory within the framework of physiological medicine. When the perpetrator is fully aware of his wrongful conduct yet unable to control it at the time of offense, there exists a mutual relationship between the wrongful conduct and genetic or brain degradation of the perpetrator. The perpetrator therefore lacks responsibility for what he (she) commits based on these legitimate grounds. When the defendant’ s criminal conduct is indeed due to mental disorder, the sentencing is measured on a variable as stated in Article 19 of Criminal Code of Taiwan, the Republic of China. The risk of recidivism or any possibility of endanger public safety can then be prevented by disposition of custody according to Article 87 of Criminal Code of Taiwan ROC to block the danger of the criminal offense, thereby ensuring the public safety. Both the sentencing and custody of perpetrators with mental disorder should be assisted with medical professional advice and consistent treatment of medical rehab. The rate of recommitting will be possibly reduced and the perpetrator can eventually go back to the society and lead a normal life.
