| 摘要: | 本論文目的在探討臺灣社會運動中轉型趨勢的特徵。研究發現：臺灣社會運動中的「非暴力」特徵，伴隨著次數的「頻繁性」與抗爭群體的「多樣性」，在同時間的國際比較上也屬特例。
經由社會運動的理論與文獻杷梳，本論文歸納「環境因素」、「政府治理」及「群眾認知」三項為解釋臺灣社會運動呈現「非暴力化」、「頻繁化」及「多樣化」的自變項，是為本研究的研究架構。
本論文的研究方法以文獻分析及深度訪談法為主。研究資料來源，包含官方統計及民間媒體報導，並深入訪談臺灣社會運動中的關鍵人物。在官方資料方面，本論文採用了：1.行政院內政部警政署自1987年至2017年間集會遊行近16萬件統計資料；2.內政部自1987年至2017年間人民團體統計資料；3.內政部自1989年至2017年間政黨統計資料；4.中央選舉委員會自1989年至2018年間歷屆公職選舉資料，包含總統、副總統、立法委員及直轄市暨縣、市長等政治選舉活動；5.大法官對集會遊行及言論自由的解釋；6.集會遊行法等相關法規文獻資料。在民間資料方面：除媒體報導及網路評論文章之外，對臺灣長期從事社會運動的領袖人物的之非結構性訪談，也是本論文的重要資料來源。
經由上述資料的分析，本論文發現：全球非暴力抗爭運動的氛圍、政府對社會運動的理性管理政策、群眾對非暴力抗爭效果的認知，以及民間團體維權意識的抬頭等，都是造成臺灣社會運動呈現「非暴力化」、「頻繁化」及「多樣化」特徵的因素，其中社會運動領導者對非暴力抗爭效果的體認最具關鍵性。
證諸國內有關社會運動相關文獻，本論文對學術的貢獻在於提供實證的官方及民間資料探討臺灣社會運動轉型趨勢與特徵，並剖析臺灣社會運動發展非暴力抗爭的關鍵點及形成非暴力抗爭現象之人文因素。臺灣社會運動同時存在非暴力化、頻繁化及多樣化的發展特徵，無論在國際文獻及新興民主國家中相對少見，臺灣社會運動的發展經驗，未來或許可以在國際社會運動理論及非暴力抗爭運動比較中成為一個新的研究案例。
The purpose of this dissertation is to explore unique types of social movements in Taiwan. Comparing with social movements occurred in the world at the same period, the phenomenon of “non-violent movement”, “the frequencies of movement”, and “the diversities of involved groups” in Taiwan are found.
By reviewing theories and literatures of social movement, the research framework of this study is inducted into three hypotheses, which are “environmental factors”, “government governance” and “mass cognition”, to interpret the unique phenomenon occurred in Taiwan.
The data sources of this study include official statistics, materials from media, and in-depth interview with key figures whom involved in Taiwan’s social movement. The data from officials includes the following: 1. nearly 160,000 pieces of protest activities from 1987 to 2017 collected by National Police Agency, Ministry of the Interior; 2. the statistics about civil associations from 1987 to 2017 collected by Ministry of the Interior; 3. the statistics about political parties from 1989 to 2017 collected by Ministry of the Interior; 4. the election data from 1989 to 2018, including election of president, vice president, legislators and municipalities, counties, mayors and other political elections collected by Central Election Commission; 5. constitutional interpretations from Justices of Constitutional Court, Judicial Yuan; 6. Assembly and Parade Act and the other related laws, regulations and literatures. The data from private sectors includes reports from media, online commentary articles, and unstructured interview with leaders whom led and engaged in social movements in Taiwan for long time.
Through the analysis of the data above, findings of this dissertation are as follows: the phenomena of the global nonviolent protest movement, the government's rational management policies for social movements, the public's awareness of the effects of non-violent movement, and the rise of awareness of the rights of various social groups are causes of the phenomena of “non-violent movement”, “the frequencies of movement”, and “the diversities of involved groups” in Taiwan’s social movements. And, the most significant element is the effects of non-violent movement recognized by leaders of social movement.
The academic contribution of this dissertation is to provide empirical data of officials and civil sector about the characteristics of Taiwan's social movements. Also, finding the key points of the development of non-violent movements in Taiwan and its humanitarian causes to form the uniqueness of Taiwan’s non-violent movements. This finding is relatively rare in the literatures, including those emerging democratic countries. The developmental experience of Taiwan’s social movements could be a new aspect for enriching non-violent movement theories of social movement. |
