善終協助的刑事免責及實證研究 —以病人自主權利法為中心

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题名:	善終協助的刑事免責及實證研究 —以病人自主權利法為中心 The Criminal Immunity and Empirical Research of the help of Good Death：focus on the Patient’s Self-determination Right Act
作者:	張貽婷
贡献者:	法律學系
关键词:	善終權預立醫療決定加工自殺罪病人自主權利法
日期:	2019
上传时间:	2019-10-29
摘要:	近年來，越來越多對於病患生命存續的探討，加上名作家瓊瑤女士及前籃球國手傅達仁先生積極表態對善終的盼望，再度引起社會對生死議題的認識，進而影響到社會對於生命及死亡的看法，就字面上來看善終，若最後能好好地離開，便將是好的結果，然而善終方式有許多種，以致每個人都有追求善終的權利，也有選擇善終方式的權利，因此探討善終對病人、家屬、醫療及社會間之影響，以及病人應如何選擇自身最佳的善終方式。雖然安寧緩和醫療條例已有初步規定，惟因認知度的不足、適用範圍過於狹隘，以致部分立委因本身的原因，引導出對病人自主權利法的需求，因此為了顛覆對於生死的傳統思維，以及對生命善終權的保障，進而制定出病人自主權利法。而不同於安寧緩和醫療條例的最大之處，在於病人自主權利法擴大適用臨床條件，本文將介紹何謂五款臨床條件。另外，探討善終協助的醫療行為，是否符合刑法加工自殺罪之構成要件，以及是否具有相關阻卻違法事由，得阻卻該行為的違法性。最後，由於病人自主權利法最直接的影響在於醫護人員，為了瞭解學理及實務的關聯，本文將以實證訪談分析方式，呈現實務對於善終權及病人自主權利法之看法，如醫護人員在善終與積極救治之間將做何種選擇，以及醫護人員是否了解病人自主權利法，而5種臨床條件之規定是否合宜，再加上病人自主權利法將帶給醫護人員何種影響，點評出病人自主權利法之相關問題。是以，以病人自主權利法及善終協助為架構，提出初步的芻議，希冀施行後的病人自主權利法，避免往後具執行上的各項問題，而能受惠更多病患，如其所願讓生命善終。 In recent years, there are more and more discussions about the survival of patients. Because of the famous writer and former national representative in basketball, they actively expressed their hope for the good death, so it contributes society to knowing of the issue of life and death, and then affecting society’s point of view about life and death. Literally, good death means that if I can eventually leave well, it will be a good result. Moreover, there are many methods of good death and everyone has the right to pursue good death, and also has the right to choose the way of good death. Therefore, I explored the impact of good death on patients, families, medical care and society, and how patients should choose their best ways of good death. Although there are Preliminary regulations of Hospice Palliative Care Act, the act is lacking degree of recognition and suitable range. It leads to some legislators because of self’s problems, so they proposed that the demand for the Patient’s Self-determination Right Act. However, in order to subvert the think outside of the box of life and death, and guarantee to the right of good death, and then the Patient’s Self-determination Right Act has been established. The biggest difference of Hospice Palliative Care Act is the Patient’s Self-determination Right Act expands application of the clinical conditions, so this article will introduce five clinical conditions. In addition, the article will discuss the way of medical care to help good death and if helping of good death will be conformed elements of crime, and also if there are some relative affirmative defense to avoid this way to be illegal. Finally, helping of good death need doctors and nurses to enforce, so in order to know the connection between theory and practice. The article will use Empirical Research and will interview doctors and nurse. It will show what opinions of good death and the Patient’s Self-determination Right Act do doctors and nurses have. For example: which options do doctors and nurses choose between good death and positive cure, if doctors and nurses know the Patient’s Self-determination Right Act, if regulations of five clinical conditions are appropriateness, the Patient’s Self-determination Right Act will bring what problems to doctors and nurses, doctors and nurses offer some problems of the Patient’s Self-determination Right Act. It can use on more patients and patients can achieve their wishes to have good death.
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