論外國法院判決之承認與執行—以公序良俗為中心

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题名:	論外國法院判決之承認與執行—以公序良俗為中心 The Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments - Focus on Public Order and Good Morals
作者:	呂黛玲
贡献者:	法律學系
关键词:	外國法院判決承認與執行公共秩序善良風俗
日期:	2019
上传时间:	2019-10-28 14:30:15 (UTC+8)
摘要:	公共秩序與善良風俗制度在國際私法中最重要之功能即在排除外國法律之適用或拒絕承認與執行外國法院之判決，針對有與法院地國或承認國之法制、社會利益、倫理道德等基本原理原則有明顯抵觸的外國法律或外國法院判決之時，該制度作為保護一個國家或一個法域之手段，得援引之以維護法院地國或承認國之法秩序。在國際民事與商事的活動在全球化的影響下更加蓬勃發展，相關之跨境民商事法律糾紛亦隨之不斷增多，外國法院判決之承認與執行制度在各個國家都受到了高度肯定，然而基於司法判決屬於國家之高權行為，且承認國為保障各國之內部法秩序等原因，外國法院判決並無法在承認國發生效力，往往仍須經由承認國所設立之承認或執行要件之審查通過，方得以在承認國發生效力。而公共秩序與善良風俗相對於其他具體之要件，具有更為重要之意義，公共秩序與善良風俗」意義抽象且內涵模糊，在外國法院判決之承認與執行制度中扮演「安全閥」之角色，依據涉外民事法律適用法舊法第25條之立法理由所認為之「公序良俗」，係指立國精神與基本國策之具體表現及發源於民間之倫理觀念。然而在國際間不無有認為外國法院判決有無公序良俗之違反應納入「國際公序」之內涵一起討論，則台灣法院在實務應用中究竟應如何認定該概念，且其在適用該概念時應以何基準進行判斷，是否可以透過其他方式將公序良俗進行更為具體之解釋以供法院在個案判斷有所依據。 The most important function of Public Order and Good Morals system in private international law is to exclude the application of foreign law or to refuse to recognize and enforce the judgment of foreign courts, and to deal with the legal system, social interests, ethics and morality of the court or the country. When the principle principle has a clearly contradictory foreign law or a foreign court judgment, the system, as a means of protecting a country or a jurisdiction, may be invoked to protect the court country or recognize the countrys legal order. The international civil and commercial activities have become more vigorous under the influence of globalization, and the related cross-border civil and commercial legal disputes have also increased. The recognition and enforcement system of foreign court decisions has been highly recognized in various countries, but based on The judicial judgment belongs to the states high-powered behavior, and the recognition of the states internal law order and other reasons, the foreign court judgment cannot be effective in the recognition country, often still subject to the approval of the recognition or enforcement requirements established by the recognition country, The party was able to take effect in the country of recognition. Public Order and good Morals have a more important meaning than other specific elements, the meaning and connotations of ‘‘Public Order and Good Morals ’’ are abstract and vague, and it play a character as a ‘‘safety valve’’, According to the legislative reasons of Article 25 of the Old Law on the Application of Foreign Civil Law, ’’Public Order and Good Morals’’ means that the concrete manifestation of the spirit of the founding of the country and the basic national policy and the ethical concept originating from the society. But there are some people in the international community think that ‘’International Public Order’’ should be discussed with that if or not the foreign court judgments conflict with public order or good morals, then how should Taiwan courts determine the concept in practical application, and judge on what basis, can we find the other way to explain it more concrete to provide the court a basis to judge cases.
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