比較不同爆發力訓練方法對青少年 自由式角力選手衝抱腿動作之影響

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Title:	比較不同爆發力訓練方法對青少年自由式角力選手衝抱腿動作之影響 Comparison Between Different Power Training on the Double-Legs Takedown Performance of Youth Freestyle Wrestlers
Authors:	顧楠
Contributors:	體育學系運動教練碩博士班
Keywords:	奧林匹克舉重專項功能爆發力訓練抱雙腿
Date:	2019
Issue Date:	2019-10-24 10:00:30 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	背景：角力「衝抱腿動作」亦稱抱雙腿，該動作係指由站立狀態到跪撐狀態的一個基本動作，更是獲取分數的重要技術之一。而力量與爆發力對抱雙腿技術動作展現具有相當程度的影響。目前針對角力選手比較三關爆發力訓練模式及專項爆發力訓練模式對提升專項抱雙腿表現的科學研究數據仍不足。目的：本研究旨在探究兩種不同爆發力訓練法 (奧林匹克舉重、專項功能性) 的介入對青少年角力運動員之抱雙腿技術動作的改善效益程度。方法：招募 18 名角力選手為受試者 (16 ± 2歲)；採隨機分配方式，分成兩組：一組為專項功能性力量訓練組 (9名)、另一組為奧林匹克爆發力訓練組 (9名)。實驗進行為期六週，分別為每週一、三、五。檢測分別為上肢臥推力量、下肢深蹲力量及專項衝抱雙腿技術的時間變化。統計方式法用混合設計二因數變異數分析，顯著差異水準設為α = 0.05。結果：就臥推動作而言，交互作用具顯著效果（F=6.91；p = 0.018 < 0.05）；其中專項功能性組與奧林匹克爆發力組亦分別顯示出後測表現優於前測表現 (F = 7.7, p = 0.012 < 0.0125; F = 42.4, p = 0.000 < 0.0125)。就下肢深蹲動作而言，交互作用具顯著效果 (F = 8.88；p = 0.009 < 0.05）；其中僅奧林匹克爆發力組的後測成績優於前測成績 (F = 28.98；p = 0.000 < 0.0125)。就衝抱雙腿表現方面，雖然交互作用未達顯著效果存在，但專項功能性組與奧林匹克爆發力組的表現皆分別為後測成績顯著優於前測成績 (F = 11.43, p = 0.004 < 0.0125；F = 13.03；p = 0.002 < 0.0125）。結論：經過六週訓練後，在深蹲、臥推力量及衝抱雙腿時間表現上都具顯著提升；且奧林匹克爆發力組相較功能性組具更佳的進步現象。 Background: The “double-legs takedown” technique so-called “holding-two legs” was not only a basic drill in wrestling exercise but also a vital scoring skill that offensive side attacked both of opponent’s legs from standing position to kneeling-down state at once. The strength and explosive power played a critical role in the double-legs takedown. So far, the scientific researches concerning the effects of triple joint extension power training model and sport-specific power training model on the performance of holding two legs remained ambiguous. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of two different explosive power training methods (Olympic Weightlifting and sport-specific functional power training) on improving the double-legs takedown” technique in young wrestlers. Method: Eighteen young wrestlers (16 ± 1 years old) were recruited as subjects and randomly divided into two groups: sport-specific functional strength training group (SSF) (9 wrestlers) and Olympic weightlifting training group (OWL) (9 wrestlers). The training program was assigned into three days (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) individually for consecutive six weeks. The assessment included the upper limb strength test using the bench press movement test (BPM), the lower limb strength using deep squat movement test (DSM) and the double-legs takedown technique test (DLT). The statistical method adopted two-way ANOVA, mixed design to investigate the trends in two different training models. The significant difference level was as α = 0.05. Result: In terms of bench press movement, the interaction term between BPM and groups showed a significant improvement after training (F = 6.91; p = 0.018 < 0.05); moreover, the FST and OWL showed that the performance in post-test was better than pretest (F = 7.79, p = 0.012 < 0.0125; F = 42.4; p = 0.0000 < 0.0125) individually. In terms of squat movement, the interaction term between DSM and group had significant difference (F = 8.88; p = 0.009 < 0.05); meanwhile, only OWL appeared that the result in post-test was higher than pre-test (F = 28.98; p = 0.000 < 0.0125). Although the interaction did not exist the significant difference in double-legs takedown performance, yet FST and OWL presented that the duration of completing double-legs takedown technique in post-test was shortened more significantly than pre-test (F = 11.43, p = 0.004 < 0.0125; F = 13.03; p = 0.002 < 0.0125). Conclusion: After six-week training, the bench press, deep squat and double-legs takedown had significant differences; and especially the OWL seems to exist a better improvement than FST in young wrestlers.
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