| 摘要: | 空運出口部之女性運務人員即不同於一般地上班族，女性運務人員每日工作時數較長，工作壓力也較大，所以個人之身心健康及婚姻品質自然就會受到影響，尤其空運出口部之女性運務人員在職場的工作性質具有時效及緊迫性，需要長期面對顧客與機場現場處理貨物人員的要求與抱怨，在情緒管理上較不易掌控，進而可能影響到與家人之間的相處，而這些都是許多空運出口部之女性運務人員在工作及家庭生活方面所需面對與調適的問題，除了需花費更多的心力去經營外，如何在不影響與家人相處互動的時間下，維持婚姻品質與提高幸福感，對空運出口部之女性運務人員而言就成為一個重要的課題。
本研究旨探討北區空運出口部已婚女性運務人員「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」之現況，並瞭解不同「個人背景因素」之北區空運出口部已婚女性運務人員分別在「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」的差異情形，再進一步分析北區空運出口部已婚女性運務人員「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」之間相關性以及北區空運出口部已婚女性運務人員「婚姻品質」對「幸福感」的解釋力。
本研究係採問卷調查進行資料的蒐集，並以「配額比例」之抽樣方式，選取居住於北區空運出口部已婚女性運務人員為主要的調查對象，共發放共220份問卷，回收212份問卷，有效問卷為212份，有效問卷率達96.36％。所使用之研究工具包括：「個人背景資料調查表」、「婚姻品質量表」與「幸福感量表」。本研究將針對所回收正式問卷資料以統計套裝軟體 SPSS for Windows 22.0進行描述性統計、單一樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析和迴歸分析。本研究結果歸納如下：
一、 空運出口部已婚女性運務人員之「婚姻品質」傾向於良好之狀況，其中以「尊重接納」層面的婚姻品質為最佳，而以「一致程度」為最低。
二、 空運出口部已婚女性運務人員之「幸福感」傾向於中高之程度，其中以「樂觀」層面的幸福感評價為最高，而以「正向情緒」為最低。
三、 空運出口部已婚女性運務人員的「婚姻品質」會因「年齡」、「結婚年數」、「教育程度」、「子女數」及「個人平均月收入」的不同而有顯著差異。
四、 空運出口部已婚女性運務人員的「幸福感」會因「年齡」、「結婚年數」、「教育程度」、「子女數」及「個人平均月收入」的不同而有顯著差異。
五、 空運出口部已婚女性運務人員之「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」間呈現顯著高程度的正相關，表示空運出口部已婚女性運務人員之「婚姻品質」愈好，其「幸福感」之感受程度愈高，反之亦然。
六、 空運出口部已婚女性運務人員之「個人背景因素」與「婚姻品質」對「幸福感」之解釋力達67%，表示空運出口部已婚女性運務人員的「婚姻品質」愈好，其「幸福感」之感受程度愈高。
根據本研究之結論，建議空運出口部已婚女性運務人員應以相互尊重與包容為出發點，透過持續溝通和、協調與磨合，取得夫妻之間對於婚姻生活的共識，進而打造美滿的婚姻生活，而且夫妻之間應該培養共同興趣，擴大彼此的交友圈，找到與建立共同目標，提升個人在婚姻生活中的幸福感受，並透同理心、包容心和溝通，並且保持正面且良好的心理狀態，建立起只屬於彼此的生活模式，以提升其「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」。
再者，建議航空貨運承攬運輸業空運出口部應制定更具體的福利政策，並且適度調整工作班表和改善加班制度，也可以舉辦各種夫妻座談、課程或是相關活動，以提昇空運出口部已婚女性運務人員的「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」。
The female working for the transport personnel in air transport department are different from that of office workers. Comparing with office workers, they have longer working hours in a day and more pressure at work, so their personal physical and mental health and married quality will naturally be influenced. In particular, the work of the female transportation service in the air transport department is timeliness and urgent，which they needs to face the request and complain of the customers and field operator in airport chronically. As a result, it is not easy to control in emotional management, which may affect the relationship with their family. All of these conditions about work and family life are the problems they have to face and adapt. In addition to spending more effort to manage, how to maintain the quality of married and improve well-being without affecting the interaction with family members becomes an important issue for them.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the current status about marital quality and well-being of female transport personnel in north district air transport department, and understand the difference of personal background factor to analyze its differentiation and correlation between marital quality and well-being of them and explanatory power.
This study collected information through a questionnaire survey, and selected the married female transport personnel of air transport department living in the north district as the main respondents by sampling the quota ratio. We distributed 220 questionnaires and collected 212 totally. The effectively questionnaires were 212, and the effective questionnaire rate was 96.36%. The research tools we used included “Personal Background Information Questionnaires”, ”Marital Quality Scale” and “Well-being Scale”. This research would use the statistical software SPSS for Windows 22.0 for descriptive statistics, single sample t-test, single-factor variance analysis, Pearson product-related correlation analysis and Regression analysis. The results are summarized as follow:
1. The “marital quality” of married female transport personnel in the air transport department tends to be in a good condition. Among them, “respect and acceptance” is the best and “consistency” is the lowest in the marital quality.
2. The “well-being” of married female transport personnel in the air transport export department tends to be at a high level. Among them, the evaluation about “optimistic” level is the highest, while the “positive emotion” is the lowest.
3. The “marital quality” of married female transport personnel in the air transport department will vary significantly depending on the age, the years of marital, the educational level, the number of children and the individual average monthly income.
4. The “well-being” of married female transport personnel in the air transport export department will vary significantly depending on the age, the years of marital, the educational level, the number of children and the individual average monthly income.
5. There is a significantly high positive correlation between the “marital quality” and “well-being” of married female transport personnel in the air transport export department, indicating that the better the marital quality, the higher the feeling of well-being, and vice versa.
6. The “Personal background” and “marital quality” of married female transport personnel in the air transport department has sixty-seven percent interpretation ratio of “well-being”, indicating that the better the marital quality, the higher the feeling of well-being.
According to the conclusions about this study suggested that female transportation personnel should start with mutual respect and tolerance and gain a consensus on married life between husband and wife through continuous communication, coordination and emotional integration to create a well-being married. Besides couples should cultivate common interests, expand their social circle, find and establish a common goal to improve their individual feeling of well-being. In order to enhance the married quality and well-being, it requires empathy, inclusive, communication and maintaining a positive and good mental state to establish a life model that belongs to each other only.
Further, it recommended Air Export department, department of Air Freight Forwarder, should not only formulate a more specific welfare policy, adjust the work schedule and improve overtime system, but also hold a variety of couple talks, courses or related activities to enhance the married quality and well-being of married female transport personnel. |
