| 摘要: | 有鑑我國衛生稽查員業務繁重，執行稽查時必須發揮多種角色功能，然而針對衛生稽查員的研究卻付之闕如。因此，本研究旨在探討衛生稽查員「角色壓力」、「工作倦怠」與「幸福感」之間的關係，以瞭解衛生稽查員幸福感之現況及影響因素。
本研究採用橫斷性問卷調查方法，針對臺北市及桃園市衛生局衛生稽查員進行資料蒐集。「角色壓力」量表包含角色模糊、角色衝突、角色負荷三項構面；「工作倦怠」量表包括個人疲勞、工作疲勞、對服務對象疲勞及工作過度投入四項構面；「幸福感」量表使用中國人幸福感極短版。資料以SPSS套裝軟體進行統計分析，並以單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關及多元迴歸模型，釐清「角色壓力」與「幸福感」之關係以及「工作倦怠」之中介作用。
本研究採普查方式共回收117份有效問卷，描述統計顯示稽查員多為女性（73.5%），年齡多在30到49歲之間（63.6%），未婚比例較高（57.3%），超過九成擁有學士以上學歷，有三成左右為護理科系畢業。多元迴歸分析發現，在同時考慮「角色壓力」之角色模糊、角色衝突、角色負荷三項構面之情況下，角色衝突及角色負荷與幸福感為顯著負向關係（β= -0.28, p=0.01及β= -0.21, p=0.03）；而進一步加入「工作倦怠」子構面後，個人疲勞與幸福感為顯著負向關係（β= -0.19, p=0.04），且角色衝突對幸福感之迴歸係數減弱（β= -0.23, p=0.03），角色負荷與幸福感之關係消失。
綜上研究發現，衛生稽查員的角色衝突與角色負荷皆對其幸福感有負面影響，且角色衝突對幸福感有直接負向影響，僅有部分係透過工作倦怠來損害影響幸福感；而角色負荷係完全透過「工作倦怠」之路徑，對衛生稽查員的幸福感產生負向影響。
In view of the heavy workload of sanitation inspectors, it is necessary to perform a variety of role functions during the sanitation inspection. However, research on sanitation inspectors is very limited. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between the sanitation inspector’s role stress, job burnout, and well-being, to understand the current situation and determinants of sanitation inspectors' well-being.
This study conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey to collect data for sanitation inspectors in Taipei City and Taoyuan City Health Bureau. The role pressure measuring scale includes three sub-dimensions: role ambiguity, role conflict, and role load. The job burnout scale includes four sub-dimensions: personal burnout, work burnout, fatigue to the client, and overwork. The well-being was measured by the very short version of the Chinese Happiness Inventory. The data analysis was conducted by the SPSS statistical package software. The present study used one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and the multiple regression models to investigate the relationship between role stress and well-being, and the mediating role of job burnout.
A total of 117 valid questionnaires were collected in this study. The descriptive statistics showed that the sanitation inspectors were mostly female (73.5%), the age was between 30 and 49 years old (63.6%), and the proportion of unmarried persons was higher (57.3%). Over 90% of sanitation inspectors have a bachelor's degree or above, and about 30% graduated from the department of nursing. Multiple regression analysis showed that the role conflict and role load were significantly negatively associated with well-being (β= -0.28, p= 0.01 and β = -0.21, p=0.03) when simultaneously considering the role pressure, role conflict, and role load. After adding the four sub-dimensions of job burnout in the regression model, the personal burnout was significantly negatively associated with well-being (β = -0.19, p = 0.04), and the regression coefficient of role conflict and well-being has attenuated (β = -0.23, p=0.03), and the relationship between role load and well-being disappeared.
In summary, the role conflicts and role load of the sanitation inspectors have a negative impact on their well-being. The role conflict has a direct negative effect on their well-being. The work burnout has a partial effect on damaging well-being. The negative impact of role load on sanitation inspectors’ well-being was completely mediated by the job burnout. |
