| 摘要: | 本研究旨在調查不孕夫妻的壓力源、壓力因應策略與身心健康程度之現況，以及不孕夫妻之性別差異狀況。研究方法採問卷調查法，針對生活於台灣之不孕夫妻以網路滾雪球取樣的方式進行問卷調查，共獲得有效樣本150人。研究工具，採研究者自編「不孕夫妻壓力調查問卷」、鄭泰安與Williams於1986年所翻譯之「華人健康問卷」(CHQ-12)進行測量。資料分析方法，包括描述性統計、卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、多元迴歸等。
本研究的發現如下：
1. 對不孕夫妻而言，壓力源主要來自「等待結果的煎熬」、「擔心錯失受孕最佳時機」的不確定感以及「無法面對一再挫敗」的挫折感，另外還有「生育年齡的壓力」、「檢查與治療的壓力」等。面對上述的壓力源，不孕夫妻最常使用的壓力因應策略，有積極問題取向的「認知上的接受」和「收集有效的資料」，但也會使用「減少參加家族聚會」、「不願意或選擇性透露不孕訊息」以及「減少接觸與生孩子有關的訊息」等消極問題取向來「減少面對壓力的機會」。
2. 女性在（角色期待的壓力、檢查與治療的壓力、不孕的心理壓力、社會觀念的壓力、生育年齡的壓力、人際關係的壓力）六個層面的壓力源都顯著高於男性，但男性則在「害怕妻子檢查與治療所造成的疼痛」以及「無法得到另一半的瞭解與體諒」壓力源，顯著高於女性。顯示女性的壓力源層面較廣，但男性的壓力源則較多來自心疼妻子的感受上。
3. 女性在各層面（認知上的接受、收集有效的資料、逃避現實、減少面對壓力的機會、尋求情緒支持、從事抒壓活動、壓抑個人的感受、不當的發洩情緒）的因應方式皆有項目顯著高於男性，尤其使用「減少面對壓力的機會」層面的因應方式為最多。另外女性會以「放聲大哭」、「發脾氣、罵人或不理人」來做因應，而男性則較少使用此因應策略。男性則在「無奈接受命運的安排」的壓力因應策略上，顯著高於女性。顯示女性所使用的因應策略種類較多，而男性在逃避現實的策略上使用頻率較女性為高。
4.不孕夫妻中，僅有少數人參加心理健康活動及尋求心理師協助。沒參加的原因並非沒有需要，而是因為「不知道有這些活動」、「時間不能配合」、「不瞭解心理諮商的專業工作細節內容」、「收費過高」以及「不清楚到那裡找心理師」等因素。顯示多數人對於此類因應策略較為陌生與不熟悉。
5. 女性在「華人健康問卷」總量表與「身體症狀」、「憂鬱及家庭關係不佳」、「焦慮」等分量表的平均得分上，均顯著高於男性。顯示女性較男性有較高的心理失調情況。
6. 「性別」、「不孕心理壓力」、「減少面對壓力的機會」以及「不當的發洩情緒」對於不孕夫妻的心理健康狀態具有預測力，共可以解釋華人心理健康量表總變異量的25.3%，且「性別」這項的單純預測力達總變異量的11.8%。顯示不同的性別、「不孕的心理壓力」數量、使用「減少面對壓力的機會」和「不當的發洩情緒」二項因應策略的頻率，均會影響不孕夫妻的心理健康狀態。
The Purpose of this study was to investigate the stressors of infertile couples, the current state of stress response strategies and physical and mental health, and the gender differences in infertile couples. The research method was conducted by questionnaire survey, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the method of online sampling for infertile couples living in Taiwan. A total of 150 valid samples were obtained. The research tools were collected by the researchers, the "Infertile Couple Stress Survey Questionnaire", and the "Life Questionnaire Stress Scale" (Cinese health Questionnaire CHQ-12) translated by CS Chen and Williams in 1986. Data analysis methods, including descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent sample T-test, multiple regression, etc. The findings of this study are as follows:
1. For infertile couples, the stressors are mainly from the uncertainty of “waiting for the consequences”, “the fear of missing the best time to conceive” and the frustration of “can’t face repeated frustrations”. Pressure, "pressure of examination and treatment", etc. In the face of the above-mentioned stressors, the stress response strategies most commonly used by infertile couples have a positive problem-oriented "cognitive acceptance" and "collecting effective information", but they also use "reduce participation in family gatherings" and Negative problem orientations such as "willingness or selective disclosure of infertility messages" and "reducing exposure to messages related to childbirth" to "reduce opportunities for stress."
2. Women (the pressure of role expectation, the pressure of examination and treatment, the psychological pressure of infertility, the pressure of social concept, the pressure of childbearing age, the pressure of interpersonal relationship) are significantly higher than men's, but Men are significantly more stressed than women in "the fear of the pain caused by the wife's examination and treatment" and "the lack of understanding and understanding of from wife" It shows that women have a wider range of stressors, but men's stressors are more from the feelings of distressed wives.
3. Women at all levels (cognitive acceptance, collecting effective data, escaping from reality, reducing opportunities for stress, seeking emotional support, engaging in rolling activities, suppressing personal feelings, improper venting emotions) are significantly higher than men, especially using the “reducing opportunities for stress” level. In addition, women will respond to "screaming, crying, swearing, ignoring or ignoring people", while men are less likely to use this strategy. Men are significantly higher than women in the pressure response strategy of "helplessly accepting the fate of the arrangement." There are many types of response strategies used by women, and men are more frequently used in escapist strategies than women.
4. Among the infertile couples, only a few people participate in mental health activities and seek the assistance of a psychologist. The reason for not attending is not that it is not necessary, but because "I don't know about these activities", "Time can't cooperate", "I don't understand the details of professional work of psychological counseling", "Excessive fees" and "I don't know where to go." Factors such as psychologists. Most people are unfamiliar and unfamiliar with this type of response strategy.
5. Women's average scores on the "Validation of Chinese Health Questionnaire" and "Body Symptoms", "Melancholy and Family Relationships" and "Anxiety" were significantly higher than those of men. It shows that women have higher psychological disorders than men.
6. "Gender", "Infertility Psychological Stress", "Reducing Opportunity to Face Stress" and "Inappropriate Ventilation Emotion" are predictive of the mental health status of infertile couples and can explain the total variation of Validation of Chinese mental health scale. The volume was 25.3%, and the simple predictive power of "gender" was 11.8% of the total variance. Showing the different genders, the number of "psychological stresses of infertility", the use of "reducing opportunities for stress" and "inappropriate venting emotions" will affect the mental health status of infertile couples. |
