| 摘要: | 兩岸刑事訴訟法都有與限制犯罪嫌疑人或被告之相關規範，在台灣方面，羈押制度採捕押分離，關於羈押與拘提、逮捕之關係，對於犯罪嫌疑人的羈押聲請，須先經拘提或逮捕之程序方得以進行，一般稱逮捕前置原則；替代羈押之措施則有限制住居、具保與責付等。而在大陸則是呈現捕押合一之狀況，羈押並非獨立的強制處分，而是拘留和逮捕後所延續之狀態及效果，一旦拘留或逮捕後，當然進入羈押之狀態，因此也沒有所謂的獨立的羈押要件、程序、期間或者救濟之機制，而監視居住則為羈押的替代措施。
在台灣限制住居之實務運用時有所聞，大陸也有與限制住居相類似之規定，關於監視居住之新聞也是層出不窮，因而引發本文欲探討此一議題之興趣。台灣之限制住居係羈押之替代方法，性質和具保、責付相同，都是屬於有羈押原因無羈押必要之替代性處分；大陸則稱作監視居住，二者名稱上雖有不同，但其意義上卻相同。惟大陸之監視居住，在限制住居之意涵上，較台灣之限制住居更為強烈。
本文欲釐清限制住居之意義與功能、介紹限制出境之制度及缺失，並以比較之觀點探討限制住居的相關問題，從大陸監視居住之相關規定，比較並分析制度之優劣，嘗試給我國未來限制住居若加入電子監控輔助方法，可以參酌之素材，最後對台灣限制住居法制提出之改革建議。
Both sides of the criminal procedure law have restrictions on the criminal suspects or defendants. In Taiwan, the detention system is separate from the arrest and detention. Regarding the relationship between detention and arrest and arrest, the criminal suspect’s custody must be detained first. The procedure for mentioning or arresting can be carried out, generally referred to as the pre-arrest principle; alternatives to custody have restrictions on residence, insurance and blame. On the mainland, it is a situation of custody and seizure. Custody is not an independent compulsory punishment, but the state and effect of the continuation after detention and arrest. Once detained or arrested, of course, it is in custody, so there is no so-called independence. The custody of the elements, procedures, periods or relief mechanisms, while monitoring residence is an alternative to custody.
In Taiwan, there are some restrictions on the practice of restricting residence. The mainland also has regulations similar to restricting residence. The news about surveillance and residence is also endless, which has led to the interest of this article in this topic. Taiwan’s alternative method of restricting residence and detention is the same as that of insurance and liability. It is a substitute for the detention without the need for detention. The mainland is called surveillance residence. Although the names of the two are different, their meaning is different. the same. However, the surveillance of the mainland, in terms of restrictions on residence, is more restrictive than Taiwan’s restrictions.
This article wants to clarify the meaning and function of restricting residence, introduce the system and lack of restrictions on exit, and explore the related issues of restricting residence from a comparative perspective, from the mainland to monitor the relevant provisions of residence, compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the system, try to limit the future of China If you live in an electronic monitoring aid, you can use the materials and finally propose reforms to restrict the residence of the legal system in Taiwan. |
