論競爭法與專利授權之衡平—以標準制定組織的F/RAND授權承諾爭議為中心

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Title:	論競爭法與專利授權之衡平—以標準制定組織的F/RAND授權承諾爭議為中心 A Study on the Balance Between Competition Law and Patent Licensing ─ Focusing on the Issue of the F/RAND Licensing Commitment Related to the Standard Setting Organization
Authors:	張翔凌
Contributors:	法律學系
Keywords:	標準必要專利 F/RAND授權專利箝制獨占濫用禁制令反托拉斯法競爭法公平交易法
Date:	2019
Issue Date:	2019-08-28 11:15:04 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	近年來科技大戰接二連三的發生，尤其是以智慧型手機有關的一些主要大廠皆以專利訴訟打擊主要對手。專利在市場上可用以作為攻擊與防禦的武器，企業若建立完善的專利佈局，便可利用侵權訴訟阻止競爭對手的產品進入市場，藉以達到保持競爭力或擴大市場佔有率為目的。尤其是智慧型手機，若專利權人的專利能夠成為標準必要專利，便能占有整個手機市場而獲利。近期涉及標準必要專利的侵權訴訟案例，不再只從保護專利權體系與專利權人的角度出發，而開始關注專利阻礙競爭廠商進入市場時，是否損及廣大消費者的利益，此由各國的判決趨勢便可看出。近年陸續出現不少標準必要專利權人與標準制定組織簽訂F/RAND授權條款(Fair, Reasonable, and Non-discriminatory Terms，F/RAND)並做出承諾後，卻又以禁制令阻止被授權人的產品進入市場，藉以箝制競爭對手，使自身可獲得或者維持市場獨占的地位。本文從各國的標準必要專利訴訟判決的內容，藉此了解有關於標準必要專利的爭議。先介紹各國的競爭法內容，再藉由不同案例看各國的司法機構(法院)、準司法機構(美國ITC)、行政機構(競爭法機構)如何運用競爭法來判斷標準必要專利權人因違反F/RAND承諾而違反競爭法的情形。尤其本文特別放置了標準必要專利訴訟之最新判決，包含了中國、歐盟、南韓、美國、台灣等，比較各國競爭法機構對於Qualcomm案的不同法律見解。 Since technology wars have continued happening, especially some of the major manufacturers related to smart phones always use patent litigations to crack down their major rivals. Patents can be used as weapons to attack and defend themselves in the market. If a company establishes a perfect patent portfolio, it can use infringement lawsuits to prevent competitors' products from entering the market, so as to achieve their goal to maintaining competitiveness or expanding market share. Especially when smart phones of the patentee's patent can become standard essential patents, it will take advantage of the entire cell phones market. The recent cases of those infringement lawsuits related to the standard essential patents are no longer totally based on the protection of the patent system and the perspective from the patentee rights. Instead, they begin to pay attention to whether patents will prevent competitors from entering the market and thus damage the interests of consumers, in particular, it can be seen in the trend of the court judgments. In recent years, it happens gradually that many of the standard-essential patentees made the commitments and signed the F/RAND terms with standard-setting organizations (SSO). However, they used injunction orders to prevent patent licensee’s products from entering the market in order to restrain competitors and obtain or maintain their own monopoly in the market. This article reviews many court decisions of different countries to understand the disputes related to the standard-essential patents (SEP). This article will introduce different cases to see how agencies (includes judicial agencies (courts), quasi-judicial agency (ITC) and administrative agencies (competition agencies)) in different countries use competition laws to judge the circumstances in which patent owners violate competition laws because of violate F/RAND commitments. In particular, this article specifically deals with the latest judgments of standard essential patent litigation, including China, the European Union, South Korea, the United States, Taiwan, etc., comparing different opinions of the competition law institutions about Qualcomms’ case in different countries.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Law & Graduate Institute of Law ] thesis

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