| 摘要: | 背景：不同運動專項所存在的特殊動態姿勢會影響提升衝刺與跳躍的成效；依據特殊適應原則 (Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands, SAID)，選擇類似動態姿勢動作並給予外部負荷刺激，可將訓練成效遷移至特定技能。目的：本研究旨在探討特定角度硬舉訓練對大專公開組七人制橄欖球員下肢最大肌力與動態能力之影響。方法：招募12名大專公開組七人制橄欖球男性選手為受試對象，依據隨機分配與平衡次序分成二組：背蹲舉組 (Back Squat Group, BQG) 為控制組 (年齡：22.2±3.7歲，身高：172.3±7.8公分，體重：85.7±7.7公斤) 與六角槓鈴硬舉組 (Hexagonal Barbell Deadlift Group, HBDG) 為實驗組 (年齡：20.2±1.3歲，身高：171.7±1.6公分，體重：77.3±10.1公斤)；進行為期7週，每週3次，共21堂訓練課。受試者於訓練前、後皆須接受背蹲舉和六角槓鈴硬舉之最大肌力，以及動態能力 (立定跳遠、預蹲跳、反向跳躍、落地反跳、二十碼和四十碼衝刺等) 之檢測。統計方式採二因子混合設計變異數分析，顯著差異值設定為α= 0.05。結果：HBDG於背蹲舉 (F=12.862；p= 0.016<0.05) 與六角槓鈴硬舉 (F= 18.876；p= 0.007<0.05) 之最大肌力表現皆達顯著；在動態能力的反向跳躍亦達顯著提升 (F=7.675；p= 0.039<0.05)。此外，HBDG在立定跳遠雖未達顯著，但則具有進步趨勢 (pre: 229.8±16.7公分, post:237±18.1公分。結論：單一進行特定角度硬舉訓練對橄欖球隊員之最大肌力表現具顯著提升效益，但對多數運動技能卻未獲助益。此外，特定角度訓練亦可針對相同作用肌群之動作，協助肌肉力量遷移之成效。因此，建議往後肌力體能從業人員可選擇特定週期編排特定關節角度動作訓練，以利提升下肢最大肌力。
Background: The specific dynamic postures for different sports performance affeted the improvement of sprinting and jumping. Based on the Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands (SAID), the training movements similar to the dynamic postures which were stimulated by external loads could transfer the training effects to specific sports skills. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of deadlift training at a specific joint angle on the maximum muscular strength of lower limb and dynamic ability in collegiate rugby players. Methods: Twelve male collegiate rugby players were recruited and randomly assigned to 7 consecutive weeks, 3 times per week and 21 training sessions of an identical resistance training program in Back Squat Group (BQG) (age: 22.2±3.7 years old, height: 172.3±7.8 cm, and body weight: 85.7±7.7 kg) and Hexagonal Barbell Deadlift Group (HBDG) (age: 20.2±1.3 years old, height: 171.7±1.6 cm, and body weight: 77.3±10.1 kg) respectively. All selected subjects were assessed one maximum muscular strength (Back Squat and Hexagonal Barbell Deadlift) as well as dynamic abilities (long-jump, squat jump, countermovement jump, 20-yard, and 40-yard sprint, and so forth.) before and after the study. Repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA), mixed design was used to analyze the data. The significant level was set as α=0.05. Results: The one maximum muscular strength of back squat test (F=12.862; p=0.016<0.05) and hex barbell test (F=18876; p=0.007<0.05) respectively in HBDG showed a significant difference; meanwhile, the performance of counter-movement jump still improved significantly (F=7.675; p =0.039<0.05). It appeared no significant difference; however, the long jump test exited the tendency of improvement (pre: 229.8 ± 16.7 cm, post: 237 ± 18.1 cm) in HBDG. Conclusion: The deadlift training at a single specific joint improved the maximal strength effectively for rugby players, but could not benefit most parts of physical abilities. Also, the movements of a specific angle may also select a similar function related to agonists for the sake of assisting the transferring of muscular strength. Hence, it recommended that the strength and conditioning coaches may consider how to select a specific joint angle movement in the particular training phase in order to improve the maximum muscle strength of the lower limb. |
